Cognitive psychology：練習題

In the Working Memory Model (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974), which component is often referred to as the 'inner ear' because it holds information in a speech-based form for a short period?

A researcher uses a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test to analyze data from a study on memory recall. The observed value of \(T\) is calculated as \(12\), and the critical value for a two-tailed test at \(p \le .05\) is \(17\). Which of the following is the correct conclusion for the researcher to draw?

In the contemporary study by Schmolck et al. (2002) investigating the relationship between brain lesions and memory, which of the following best describes the findings regarding Patient H.M.’s semantic knowledge performance compared to the MTL+ group (patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe and additional damage to the lateral temporal cortex)?

Which research design involves using different participants for each condition of the independent variable, where participants are matched on specific characteristics like age or IQ?

In their study on reconstructive memory, Steyvers and Hemmer (2012) found that prior knowledge (schemas) had what effect in naturalistic, everyday environments?

Briefly describe the role of the central executive within Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) Working Memory Model.

Compare episodic memory and semantic memory by providing one key difference between these two types of long-term memory.

According to the Multi-store Model of memory, what is the estimated duration and capacity of the short-term memory (STM) store?

In cognitive psychology, the Multi-Store Model (MSM) describes how information flows through different memory stores.
(a) Identify the capacity and duration of the short-term memory (STM) store according to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). (2 points)
(b) Briefly explain the role of 'rehearsal' in the transfer of information from STM to long-term memory (LTM). (2 points)

A researcher conducted a study into memory recall and collected the following scores from two groups of participants (Group A and Group B).

Group A: 12, 15, 14, 12, 18, 11, 12
Group B: 8, 9, 10, 8, 12, 7, 9

(a) Calculate the mode for Group A and the median for Group B. (2 points)
(b) Calculate the range for Group A. (1 point)
(c) Explain why the standard deviation might be a more useful measure of dispersion than the range for this data set. (2 points)