激素與內分泌系統：練習題

Which statement best explains how ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) regulates the water content of the blood when a person is dehydrated?

During the regulation of blood glucose, the body must respond to falling levels to maintain homeostasis. Which of the following describes the correct negative feedback response when blood glucose concentration is too low?

Adrenalin is produced by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for a 'fight or flight' response. Which of the following is a physiological effect of adrenalin?

During a fight or flight response, adrenalin is released. Which of the following is an effect of adrenalin that directly increases the delivery of raw materials for aerobic respiration to the muscles?

When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas releases insulin. How does insulin specifically act on the liver to help lower blood glucose concentration?

Explain how vasoconstriction helps an organism to reduce energy transfer to the surroundings in a cold environment.

A patient has a mass of \( 90 \text{ kg} \) and a height of \( 1.5 \text{ m} \). Using the formula \( \text{BMI} = \frac{\text{mass (kg)}}{\text{height (m)}^2} \), calculate their BMI and determine if they are classified as obese (BMI \( \geq 30 \)).

A woman has a mass of \( 68\text{ kg} \) and a height of \( 1.6\text{ m} \). Calculate her Body Mass Index (BMI) and state whether her waist-to-hip ratio would be a more or less reliable indicator of abdominal obesity if her waist measurement is \( 96\text{ cm} \) and her hip measurement is \( 120\text{ cm} \).

\(\text{BMI} = \frac{\text{mass (kg)}}{\text{height (m)}^2}\)

The human body maintains a constant internal environment through negative feedback loops.

a) When the body temperature rises above \(37^{\circ}\text{C}\), the hypothalamus triggers several responses. Explain how vasodilation and the action of sweat glands help to lower body temperature.
b) ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) is involved in osmoregulation. Describe the effect of ADH on the collecting duct of the nephron when the blood becomes too concentrated.
c) A patient is diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Their mass is \(105\text{ kg}\) and their height is \(1.75\text{ m}\). Calculate their BMI and explain why this result correlates with their diagnosis.
\[ \text{BMI} = \frac{\text{mass (kg)}}{\text{height (m)}^2} \]