Cells and control：練習題

What is the name of the process that results in the formation of two genetically identical diploid daughter cells?

In a reflex arc, which neurone carries an electrical impulse from the Central Nervous System (CNS) to an effector (such as a muscle)?

Which of the following best describes the role of the myelin sheath in a motor neurone?

A cell undergoes mitosis. During one of the stages, the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell and spindle fibres attach to the centromeres. Which stage of the cell cycle is being described?

A reflex arc allows for rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli. Which of the following correctly traces the sequence of an impulse through a reflex arc triggered by touching a hot object?

During a stage of the cell cycle, chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell. Name this specific stage of mitosis.

Describe the sequence of events in a reflex arc from the moment a stimulus is detected by a receptor to the response by an effector, including the role of neurotransmitters at synapses.

Describe how ciliated epithelial cells in the respiratory tract are specialised to protect the lungs from pathogens, including the interaction between these cells and mucus.

Compare the processes of mitosis and meiosis.
(a) Describe two differences in the daughter cells produced by these two types of cell division.
(b) Explain the importance of meiosis in sexual reproduction regarding the chromosome number in the zygote.

Explain the importance of cell differentiation in the development of specialised cells. In your explanation, compare the function and location of embryonic stem cells with meristems in plants, and discuss one potential risk and one potential benefit of using stem cells in medical treatments.