Cell structure：練習題

Which organelle is responsible for releasing energy through the process of aerobic respiration?

Which part of a cell is responsible for controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

A researcher is examining three different cell types and records the presence or absence of specific organelles:
Cell X: Contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall, but lacks chloroplasts.
Cell Y: Contains a cell wall and circular DNA, but lacks a nucleus and mitochondria.
Cell Z: Contains a nucleus and mitochondria, but lacks a cell wall.

Which of the following correctly identifies the types of organisms these cells could have originated from?

A specific human cell is observed to have a much higher density of mitochondria than other cells. Which of the following is the most likely identity and reason for this adaptation?

Identify the specific cell organelle that is responsible for the synthesis of proteins within the cytoplasm.

Describe two structural differences between a palisade mesophyll cell from a leaf and a nerve cell from an animal.

Explain the functional relationship between ribosomes and mitochondria in a specialized cell that synthesizes and secretes large quantities of protein-based enzymes.

Plant and animal cells share several structures but also have distinct differences that relate to their lifestyles.
(a) State the function of the mitochondria in both cell types. (1)
(b) Name two structures that are present in a palisade cell of a leaf but are absent from a human cheek cell. (1)
(c) Describe the role of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. (1)
(d) Explain the specific function of the cell membrane. (1)

The structure of a cell is often adapted to suit the environment and the role it performs within an organism.
(a) Explain why root hair cells, which are located underground, do not contain chloroplasts. (2)
(b) Compare how carbohydrates are stored in animal cells compared to fungal cells. (2)
(c) Identify the organelle that contains cell sap and explain its function in maintaining cell turgidity. (1)