Genetic modification (genetic engineering)：練習題

In genetic engineering, which type of enzyme is used to join two separate pieces of DNA together to form a recombinant molecule?

Which of the following describes the specific role of restriction enzymes in the production of genetically modified bacteria?

A scientist uses the same restriction enzyme to cut both a human gene and a bacterial plasmid. Why is using the same enzyme critical for creating recombinant DNA?

In genetic engineering, which of the following describes the role of plasmids?

What does the term transgenic mean in the context of genetic modification?

Name the two specific types of biological molecules that can act as vectors to carry foreign DNA into a host cell during genetic modification.

Give two reasons why human insulin produced by genetically modified bacteria is superior to insulin extracted from animals for treating diabetes.

Explain how transgenic technology enables a single bacterium to produce a human protein like insulin.

The diagram shows a bacterial plasmid being manipulated in a laboratory. A section of the circular DNA is cut, and a human gene is inserted to create a recombinant DNA molecule.
a) Identify the type of enzyme used to cut the DNA at specific sites.
b) Identify the enzyme used to join the human gene into the plasmid.
c) Why is the plasmid referred to as a vector in this process?

Genetically modified bacteria are used to produce human insulin on an industrial scale.
a) Explain why the human gene must be used rather than a cow or pig gene.
b) Describe the advantages of using fermenters to grow these transgenic bacteria.