Movement of substances into and out of cells：練習題

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the factors affecting the rate of diffusion. In each experiment, a substance moved across a membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. Which set of conditions would result in the slowest rate of diffusion?

A student uses agar cubes of different sizes to investigate how the surface area to volume ratio affects diffusion. Cube X has a side length of \(1\text{ cm}\) and Cube Y has a side length of \(3\text{ cm}\). Which statement is correct regarding Cube X?

Which process involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration?

A student investigates the uptake of potassium ions (\(K^+\)) by plant roots. They observe that the uptake continues even when the concentration of ions in the soil is significantly lower than inside the root cells, but the process stops if the roots are treated with a chemical that inhibits the production of \( \text{ATP} \). Which statement best explains this result?

Explain why an increase in temperature leads to an increase in the rate of diffusion of oxygen into a cell.

A model cell is represented by Cube A with a side length of \(2\text{ cm}\). Explain how the surface area to volume ratio would change if the side length of the cube was doubled to \(4\text{ cm}\), and state the effect this has on the efficiency of gas exchange.