Alkanes：練習題

An unbranched alkane molecule contains 12 carbon atoms. Using the general formula for alkanes, \(C_nH_{2n+2}\) , what is the total number of hydrogen atoms in this molecule?

In the substitution reaction between methane and chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet radiation, dichloromethane (\(CH_2Cl_2\)) can react further with chlorine. What is the name and formula of the organic product formed immediately following dichloromethane?

Alkanes are described as saturated hydrocarbons. What does the term saturated signify in this context?

Methane ( \(CH_4 \)) reacts with chlorine gas ( \(Cl_2 \)) in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation via a substitution reaction. If the reaction is limited strictly to mono-substitution, what is the chemical formula of the organic product formed?

How is the chemical reactivity of an alkane, such as methane, typically described and classified, compared to an alkene, such as ethene?

State the general formula for alkanes and explain what is meant by the term saturated when describing these hydrocarbons.

Explain why alkanes are classified as saturated hydrocarbons.

An unknown unbranched alkane has a relative molecular mass (\(M_r\)) of 72. Calculate its molecular formula and state its name. (Relative atomic masses: \(C = 12, H = 1\))

Alkanes are an important homologous series of hydrocarbons.
a) Define the term homologous series.
b) State the general formula for alkanes.
c) Butane ( \(C_4H_{10} \) ) is an alkane. Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of butane.
d) Explain why incomplete combustion of alkanes is harmful to humans and the environment.

Alkanes react with halogens under specific conditions and can exist as different structural isomers.
a) Methane (\(CH_4\)) reacts with bromine (\(Br_2\)) to produce bromomethane and hydrogen bromide. Identify the type of reaction<\/b> occurring and state the essential condition<\/b> required for this reaction to proceed.
b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between methane and bromine described in part (a).
c) Pentane (\(C_5H_{12}\)) has three structural isomers. Define the term structural isomerism<\/b>.
d) Draw the displayed formulae<\/b> for the two branched-chain<\/i> isomers of pentane and provide the IUPAC name<\/b> for each isomer.<\/p>