單元三．A1 Atmosphere and Weather Systems：練習題

Which of the following describes the primary source and typical characteristics of an Arctic (A) air mass affecting the UK?

In the context of mid-latitude weather, which atmospheric condition is most likely to result in a persistent heatwave and elevated pollution levels in Northern Europe?

Which combination of physical conditions is essential for the initial formation and subsequent intensification of a tropical cyclone?

The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a key component of the global atmospheric circulation. Which statement best explains its seasonal migration?

The Sahel region is frequently cited as a location vulnerable to long-term drought. Which of the following best explains the complex interaction of causes for these drought events?

Outline one physical condition required for the formation of a tropical cyclone.

Explain the role of Rossby waves and the polar front jet stream in determining the variability of mid-latitude weather systems.

(a) Define the term ITCZ and explain how its seasonal migration affects the climate of tropical regions, such as the Sahel. (4 points)

(b) Examine the physical conditions and atmospheric processes that are necessary for the initial formation and intensification of a tropical cyclone in the Atlantic Basin. (4 points)

Compare the formation, atmospheric characteristics, and weather impacts of mid-latitude depressions and anticyclones in Northern Europe. In your answer, you should address:

(a) The role of the polar front jet stream and Rossby waves in the development of these systems. (3 points)

(b) The specific weather conditions associated with the passage of warm and cold fronts in a depression versus the conditions during a blocking anticyclone. (3 points)

(c) The hazards posed by these systems, specifically wind damage and flooding from depressions compared to drought and elevated pollution levels from anticyclones. (2 points)