Text Structure and Purpose：練習題

The common octopus is known for its remarkable intelligence. It can solve complex puzzles, navigate mazes, and even use tools. For instance, some octopuses have been observed carrying coconut shells to use as portable shelters. This behavior demonstrates a level of foresight rarely seen in invertebrates.

The novel's protagonist, Elara, is often described through her surroundings rather than her dialogue. In the opening scene, the cluttered and dusty shelves of her antique shop mirror her own feelings of being 'stuck in the past.' As the story progresses and Elara begins to declutter the shop, her internal state undergoes a similar transformation, suggesting a deep symbolic link between her environment and her psyche.

In labor economics, the 'efficiency wage' theory posits that employers may find it profitable to pay workers more than the market-clearing rate to increase productivity and reduce turnover. By providing higher wages, a firm can attract more skilled applicants and create an incentive for current employees to work harder to avoid losing a high-paying job. A classic historical instance occurred in 1914, when Henry Ford famously doubled the minimum daily pay for his assembly line workers to \( \$5 \). This move led to a dramatic decrease in absenteeism and a significant boost in the company's overall output.

What is the main purpose of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage?

Many historians believe that the printing press was the most significant invention of the second millennium. It allowed for the mass production of books, which led to a rapid increase in literacy rates. Consequently, ideas could spread more quickly than ever before, fundamentally changing the social and political landscape of Europe.

Many flowering plants have evolved complex mutualistic relationships with specific pollinators to ensure reproductive success. For instance, the bee orchid (Ophrys apifera<\u002Fi>) produces a scent that mimics the pheromones of female bees and features a petal that physically resembles a bee's body. This deception lures male bees into attempting to mate with the flower, which results in the transfer of pollen. Such specialized mechanisms illustrate how plants can manipulate animal behavior to facilitate genetic exchange.

Which choice best describes the relationship between the first sentence and the rest of the text?

The first section of the passage examines the architectural evolution of 19th-century libraries, focusing on their role as monumental symbols of civic pride. The second section, however, discusses the contemporary trend of repurposing these structures into multi-functional community hubs that incorporate digital technology. By contrasting these two eras, the author illustrates how the social function of library spaces has shifted over time.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

In his 1963 "Letter from Birmingham Jail," Martin Luther King Jr. addresses his critics by first establishing a foundation of shared moral and legal principles. He then methodically deconstructs their arguments for "patience" by illustrating the urgent human cost of segregation. Finally, he shifts from a defensive tone to a broader philosophical appeal, invoking universal concepts of justice to justify nonviolent civil disobedience. This structural progression serves to move the audience from local grievances to a global moral imperative.

Which choice best describes the text structure and purpose of the passage?

The concept of "Deep Time," first popularized by James Hutton in the 18th century, asserts that the Earth's geological processes occur over scales of millions, not thousands, of years. This radical shift in perspective required observers to see a mountain not as a static object, but as a temporary feature in a slow, violent cycle of uplift and erosion. To accept Deep Time is to accept human history as a mere blink in the planet's existence, a realization that continues to influence both science and philosophy.

Which choice best describes the text structure and purpose of the passage?

The following text is from a discussion of architecture: "Modernist architects in the mid-20th century, such as Le Corbusier, championed the idea that 'a house is a machine for living.' This philosophy prioritized functionality and industrial efficiency over the ornate, historical styles of the past. However, this approach often resulted in stark, impersonal environments. In response, Postmodernism emerged in the 1960s, reintroducing elements of irony, ornament, and historical reference to make buildings more expressive and human-centric."

What is the primary purpose of the text, and how does it organize its argument to achieve this purpose?