Atoms, elements and compounds：练习题

An atom of sulfur is represented by the nuclide notation \( _{16}^{32}\text{S} \). What is the electronic configuration of the sulfide ion, \( \text{S}^{2-} \), formed when this atom reacts with a metal?

The diagram shows the arrangement of outer-shell electrons in a molecule of nitrogen, \(N_2\). Which statement correctly describes the bonding in this molecule?

An element has a proton number of \(15\). Which row correctly identifies the Period, Group, and electronic configuration of this element in the Periodic Table?
Row: Period | Group | Electronic Configuration
A: \(3\) | \(V\) | \(2,8,5\)
B: \(5\) | \(III\) | \(2,8,5\)
C: \(3\) | \(III\) | \(2,5,8\)
D: \(2\) | \(V\) | \(2,8,5\)<\/p>

Which statement correctly explains why graphite can be used as a lubricant and diamond can be used in heavy-duty cutting tools?

A neutral atom of an isotope of element \(X\) contains \(11\) protons and \(12\) neutrons. Which row correctly identifies the nucleon number and the number of electrons in a \(1+\) ion of this isotope?

Define isotopes with reference to the number of subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom.

Define nucleon number and describe how it is used to determine the number of neutrons in an atom of \( _{11}^{23}\text{Na} \).

Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why ionic compounds such as sodium chloride have high melting points and only conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous solution.

An atom of an element has a proton number of 12 and a nucleon number of 24.

(a) State the name of this element and its electronic configuration.
(b) Explain, in terms of its electronic configuration, why this element is placed in Group II and Period 3 of the Periodic Table.
(c) Describe how an atom of this element forms a stable ion, including the charge and the name of the type of ion formed.

Methane \( (CH_4) \) and Ammonia \( (NH_3) \) are simple molecular compounds.

(a) Draw the dot-and-cross diagrams for a molecule of methane and a molecule of ammonia to show the electronic configurations.
(b) Explain why methane has a very low boiling point compared to sodium chloride, referring to the forces involved.
(c) State and explain whether ammonia is expected to conduct electricity.