An original Thinka practice paper modelled on the structure and difficulty of the Nov 2025 Cambridge International A Level Information and Communication (ICT) paper. Not affiliated with or reproduced from Cambridge.
Paper 1: Written Paper
Answer all questions. Use black ink. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
5 Question · 100 marks
Question 1 · Structured Written
20 marks
Sarah is a professional photographer who works on location. She needs to store and back up high-resolution RAW images. (a) Explain why Sarah would choose a Solid State Drive (SSD) over a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) for her portable backup drive when working on location. (4 marks) (b) Describe two types of optical media and explain why they are less suitable for backing up large numbers of modern high-resolution RAW images. (4 marks) (c) Sarah is considering using cloud storage to back up her work. (i) Explain two advantages to Sarah of using cloud storage. (4 marks) (ii) Explain two disadvantages to Sarah of using cloud storage. (4 marks) (d) Identify and describe two features of an operating system that help Sarah manage her files. (4 marks)
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Worked solution
(a) Sarah would choose an SSD because: 1. It has no moving parts, making it highly durable and shock-resistant, reducing the risk of physical damage if dropped on location. 2. It has much faster read/write speeds, allowing Sarah to transfer large, high-resolution RAW files quickly. (b) Types of optical media: CD-R/RW, DVD-R/RW, or Blu-ray. They are less suitable because: 1. Limited storage capacity: Even Blu-ray discs hold only up to 50GB-100GB, which is insufficient for large volumes of high-resolution RAW photo shoots. 2. Low read/write speed: Burning files to optical discs is significantly slower than copying them to external flash/magnetic storage. (c)(i) Advantages of cloud storage: 1. Accessibility/Portability: Sarah can access her backed-up files from any location with an internet connection, without carrying physical drives. 2. Disaster recovery: If her physical equipment is damaged, lost, or stolen on location, her photos remain secure in the cloud. (c)(ii) Disadvantages of cloud storage: 1. Internet dependency: Uploading large RAW files requires a fast and stable internet connection, which may not be available on remote locations. 2. Ongoing costs: Subscription plans for large amounts of cloud storage can be expensive over time compared to a one-off hard drive purchase. (d) Operating system file management features: 1. File compression: Allows Sarah to reduce the file size of old projects to save storage space. 2. Search utility: Enables Sarah to quickly find specific photo files using keywords, date modified, or file type tags.
Marking scheme
(a) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark for identifying a benefit (e.g., no moving parts/durability or speed). - 1 mark for explaining how this benefit relates to location work (e.g., less likely to fail if dropped). - 1 mark for identifying a second benefit. - 1 mark for explaining this second benefit in context (e.g., faster backups save time on site).
(b) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark each for describing two types of optical media (e.g., CD, DVD, Blu-ray). - 1 mark each for explaining a limitation in this context (e.g., small storage capacity, slow write speeds).
(c)(i) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark each for identifying two advantages of cloud storage. - 1 mark each for explaining how each advantage benefits a photographer (e.g., off-site safety, multi-device access).
(c)(ii) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark each for identifying two disadvantages of cloud storage. - 1 mark each for explaining how each disadvantage impacts Sarah (e.g., upload speeds on remote shoots, continuous cost pressure).
(d) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark each for identifying two file management features (e.g., folders/directory structure, search tool, compression, renaming). - 1 mark each for describing how each feature helps manage files.
Question 2 · Structured Written
20 marks
A local library is setting up a new local area network (LAN) with wireless access for its visitors. (a) Describe the difference between a Local Area Network (LAN) and a Wide Area Network (WAN). (3 marks) (b) The library uses a client-server network model instead of a peer-to-peer network. Explain two benefits of using a client-server network in this environment. (4 marks) (c) Explain the role of a router in this network. (3 marks) (d) Visitors connect to the library's wireless network using Wi-Fi. (i) Describe two security measures the library should implement on their wireless network to protect user data. (4 marks) (ii) Discuss the factors that can affect the performance and speed of the wireless connection inside the library. (6 marks)
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(a) A LAN (Local Area Network) covers a small geographical area, such as a single building or library, and is typically owned by the organization. A WAN (Wide Area Network) covers a large geographical area (e.g., a city, country, or the globe), often connects multiple LANs, and relies on external telecommunication infrastructure (such as the internet). (b) Benefits of client-server in a library: 1. Centralized security: Access rights, passwords, and malware scans can be managed centrally on the server, ensuring visitors cannot access confidential library records. 2. Centralized backups: All library system data can be backed up automatically from the central server, rather than having to back up individual workstations separately. (c) The role of a router is to receive packets of data from the local network and forward them to external networks (such as the Internet) by choosing the most efficient path. It assigns IP addresses to devices on the local network and manages the traffic flowing between the library's LAN and the WAN. (d)(i) Security measures: 1. WPA3/WPA2 Encryption: Encrypts data transmitted over the airwaves so that even if intercepted, it cannot be read without the key. 2. Guest Network Isolation: Keeps guest Wi-Fi traffic completely isolated from the library's private administrative systems to prevent unauthorized access. (d)(ii) Performance factors: 1. Physical obstacles: Thick brick walls, concrete floors, and metal shelving can absorb or reflect Wi-Fi signals, weakening the connection. 2. Distance: The further a device is from the wireless access point, the weaker the signal strength and the slower the connection speed. 3. Interference: Other electronic equipment, such as microwaves or neighboring wireless networks operating on the same frequency, can disrupt the signal. 4. Number of active users: High bandwidth usage (e.g., many visitors streaming media at once) splits the available bandwidth, reducing individual speeds.
Marking scheme
(a) Up to 3 marks: - 1 mark for describing LAN (small area, single site/building). - 1 mark for describing WAN (large area, connects LANs, relies on third parties). - 1 mark for contrasting their ownership or transmission media.
(b) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark each for identifying two benefits of client-server (centralized backups, central administration, easier software updates, improved security). - 1 mark each for explaining why this is a benefit in a library context.
(c) Up to 3 marks: - 1 mark for stating that it connects different networks (e.g., LAN to Internet). - 1 mark for mentioning packet forwarding or routing based on IP addresses. - 1 mark for managing network traffic or assigning IP addresses.
(d)(i) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark each for describing two security measures (WPA encryption, strong passwords, captive portal authentication, MAC address filtering, network isolation). - 1 mark each for explaining how they protect the network/user data.
(d)(ii) Up to 6 marks: - 1 mark each for identifying up to three physical or network factors (e.g., walls, distance, interference, user count, bandwidth allocation). - 1 mark each for explaining how that factor specifically impacts wireless performance (reduced signal strength, high latency, data packet collisions).
Question 3 · Structured Written
20 marks
An online retail company, EcoShop, wants to secure its transactions and protect customers from online threats. (a) Explain how encryption is used to secure transactions between a customer's web browser and EcoShop's server. (4 marks) (b) Describe two different types of malware that could infect a customer's computer and explain the impact of each. (6 marks) (c) EcoShop wants to prevent unauthorized access to its internal servers. Explain how a firewall protects their network. (4 marks) (d) Customers of EcoShop are being targeted by phishing emails. (i) Describe what is meant by 'phishing'. (2 marks) (ii) State four indicators of a phishing email that customers should look out for. (4 marks)
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Worked solution
(a) Encryption scrambles plain text data (like credit card numbers and personal details) into an unreadable format called ciphertext before it is sent over the internet using protocols like HTTPS. Only the authorized server has the matching decryption key to convert it back into plain text. This ensures that even if hackers intercept the data transit, they cannot read or use it. (b) Types of malware and impacts: 1. Keylogger: Captures and records keyboard keystrokes made by the user. Impact: Sensitive information like passwords and bank details are stolen and sent to the attacker. 2. Ransomware: Encrypts the user's files or locks their computer system. Impact: The user is blocked from accessing their own data until they pay a fee/ransom to the attacker. (c) A firewall acts as a barrier between EcoShop's internal private network and the external internet. It monitors incoming and outgoing traffic and filters it based on predefined security rules. It blocks unauthorized access attempts, suspect data packets, and known malicious IP addresses from entering the network. (d)(i) Phishing is a form of social engineering where attackers send fraudulent messages (usually emails) disguised as legitimate organizations to trick recipients into revealing sensitive information, such as login credentials or credit card numbers. (d)(ii) Four indicators of a phishing email: 1. Generic greetings (e.g., 'Dear Customer') instead of using the customer's actual name. 2. Poor grammar, spelling mistakes, or unusual language style. 3. A sense of urgency, forcing the user to act immediately (e.g., 'Your account will be suspended in 24 hours'). 4. Mismatched or suspicious sender email addresses (e.g., ec0sh0p-support@scamdomain.com instead of support@ecoshop.com).
Marking scheme
(a) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark for stating plaintext is converted to ciphertext. - 1 mark for mentioning the use of keys (encryption/decryption). - 1 mark for mentioning secure protocols (HTTPS/SSL/TLS). - 1 mark for explaining the outcome (intercepted data cannot be read/is useless to hackers).
(b) Up to 6 marks: - 1 mark each for identifying two types of malware (e.g., spyware, keylogger, ransomware, trojan, worm). - 1 mark each for describing how each works. - 1 mark each for explaining the impact of each on the user/system.
(c) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark for stating it acts as a barrier/filter between public and private networks. - 1 mark for monitoring network traffic (inbound and outbound). - 1 mark for mentioning security rules/criteria. - 1 mark for explaining that it blocks unauthorized access/packets.
(d)(i) Up to 2 marks: - 1 mark for identifying it as a trick/scam/fraudulent communication. - 1 mark for identifying its purpose (stealing passwords, credentials, sensitive data).
(d)(ii) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark each for identifying up to four valid indicators (e.g., bad grammar, generic greeting, suspicious links, urgency, spoofed sender domain, unexpected attachments).
Question 4 · Structured Written
20 marks
A global software development company has employees located in different countries working together on a new software project. (a) Describe three features of a collaborative online workspace that would benefit the development team. (6 marks) (b) Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication, providing an example of each used by the team. (4 marks) (c) The team uses a wiki for project documentation. Explain two advantages and two disadvantages of using a wiki for this purpose. (6 marks) (d) Discuss how the widespread availability of online collaborative tools has changed the working patterns for employees and employers. (4 marks)
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Worked solution
(a) Collaborative workspace features: 1. Real-time co-authoring: Allows multiple developers to edit files, documents, or code scripts simultaneously, showing immediate changes. 2. Version control: Automatically tracks revisions and saves historical versions of documents, allowing the team to revert to older versions if errors are made. 3. Integrated task/project tracking: Offers kanban boards, milestones, and task assignment tools so all team members can see who is working on what. (b) Synchronous communication happens in real time with immediate feedback (e.g., a video conferencing call or live chat), whereas asynchronous communication does not require an immediate response and participants can reply at their convenience (e.g., email or discussion forum threads). Synchronous is ideal for urgent meetings; asynchronous is useful when team members work in different time zones. (c) Wiki advantages: 1. Easy editing/collaboration: Any team member with access can easily write, update, and contribute to the documentation using simple web tools. 2. Centralized repository: All project details are stored in one place, making it easy to search and access information from anywhere. Wiki disadvantages: 1. Credibility/Accuracy: If access controls are loose, inaccurate or outdated information can be posted by users without verification. 2. Formatting inconsistencies: Since multiple users contribute, the style, tone, and formatting of the pages can become disorganized or inconsistent. (d) Impact on working patterns: 1. Employees: Can work from home (telework), leading to flexible working hours, saved commute time, and a better work-life balance. 2. Employers: Can hire skilled talent globally rather than being limited to local staff, and save on expensive physical office rent and utilities.
Marking scheme
(a) Up to 6 marks: - 1 mark each for identifying three features (e.g., version control, live editing, comments/chat, task boards, file sharing). - 1 mark each for describing how that feature specifically benefits a global software development team.
(b) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark for defining synchronous (real-time communication) and providing a correct example. - 1 mark for defining asynchronous (delayed response) and providing a correct example. - 2 marks for explaining why the difference matters in a global team context (e.g., overcoming time zones).
(c) Up to 6 marks: - 1 mark each for two advantages of using a wiki. - 1 mark each for two disadvantages of using a wiki. - 2 marks (1 per pair) for explaining how these relate directly to project documentation.
(d) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark each for up to two impacts on employees (flexible hours, teleworking, no commute). - 1 mark each for up to two impacts on employers (global hiring pool, lower physical facility overheads).
Question 5 · Structured Written
20 marks
A local health clinic is upgrading its old paper-based patient filing records system to a digital database ICT system. (a) Explain three benefits to the clinic of moving from a paper-based system to a digital database. (6 marks) (b) The clinic must comply with data protection legislation. Describe three legal responsibilities of the clinic when processing patient personal data. (6 marks) (c) Identify and explain two health concerns associated with the prolonged use of desktop computers by clinic administrative staff, and suggest a way to mitigate each risk. (4 marks) (d) Explain the environmental impact of disposing of the old computer hardware that the clinic is replacing, and how this impact can be minimized. (4 marks)
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Worked solution
(a) Benefits of a digital database: 1. Faster searching and retrieval: Staff can locate patient records instantly using search criteria (e.g., patient ID or surname) instead of manually searching physical filing cabinets. 2. Space saving: Eliminates physical filing cabinets, freeing up physical space within the clinic for clinical use. 3. Concurrent access: Multiple authorized medical staff members can view the same patient file simultaneously from different computers. (b) Legal responsibilities under data protection: 1. Security: The clinic must implement appropriate technical and physical security measures (e.g., passwords, encryption) to prevent unauthorized access or accidental data loss. 2. Purpose limitation: Data must only be collected for specified, explicit, and legitimate clinical purposes and not used for unrelated commercial activities. 3. Data accuracy: The clinic must ensure that patient records are kept accurate and up to date, correcting any errors promptly. (c) Health concerns and mitigation: 1. Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI): Caused by repetitive typing and mouse usage. Mitigation: Use ergonomic keyboards, wrist rests, and encourage regular breaks. 2. Eye strain/Headaches: Caused by looking at a screen for too long without a break. Mitigation: Provide anti-glare screen filters, ensure appropriate lighting, and encourage the 20-20-20 rule. (d) Environmental impact and mitigation: 1. Heavy metals and toxic materials (like lead and mercury) in old computer components can leak into the soil and water supply if sent to landfill (e-waste pollution). 2. Extraction of rare earth minerals to build new computers uses massive energy and creates carbon emissions. Mitigation: The clinic should use certified recycling companies to harvest reusable components, or donate working old computers to schools or charities to extend their lifespan.
Marking scheme
(a) Up to 6 marks: - 1 mark each for identifying three benefits (e.g., speed of retrieval, physical space, concurrent access, backups/recovery). - 1 mark each for explaining how each benefit specifically improves the clinic's workflow.
(b) Up to 6 marks: - 1 mark each for identifying three principles/responsibilities of data protection legislation (e.g., keep secure, keep accurate, use only for declared purpose, do not keep longer than necessary, allow data subjects access). - 1 mark each for describing how the clinic applies this to patient medical files.
(c) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark each for identifying two health risks (RSI, eye strain, back/neck pain, carpal tunnel). - 1 mark each for explaining a valid mitigation technique for each risk.
(d) Up to 4 marks: - 1 mark for explaining the hazard of e-waste (toxic chemicals, heavy metals in landfill). - 1 mark for explaining the depletion of natural resources/carbon emissions of manufacturing. - 2 marks for suggesting practical ways to minimize this impact (safe recycling, donating, upgrading individual parts rather than whole units).
Paper 2: Practical Paper
Answer all questions. Perform tasks using Graphics, Database, Web Authoring, Spreadsheet, and Word Processing software.
7 Question · 100 marks
Question 1 · Practical
8 marks
Task A1: Create a logo for OceanRescue. OceanRescue is a charity that protects marine life. You must use graphics software to create a logo. The logo must: (1) be 400 pixels wide by 150 pixels high, (2) have a dark blue background, (3) include the image of a dolphin (from your source folder) placed on the left side, resized appropriately without distortion, (4) include the text 'OceanRescue' in a white, bold, sans-serif font, (5) include the slogan 'Protecting our Seas' in a light blue, smaller font directly below 'OceanRescue', (6) include a yellow five-point star shape in the top-right corner. Save the logo as OR_LOGO in PNG format in your workspace.
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Worked solution
To create the logo: 1. Open your graphics editing software (such as GIMP, Photoshop, or Paint.NET) and create a new canvas with a width of 400 pixels and a height of 150 pixels. 2. Use the Paint Bucket tool or Fill tool to apply a dark blue background to the entire canvas. 3. Import the dolphin image from your source files. Scale it down while holding the Shift key (or keeping the aspect ratio locked) to prevent distortion, and place it on the left side of the canvas. 4. Select the Text tool, click on the right side of the canvas, and type 'OceanRescue' using a sans-serif font like Arial or Calibri. Set the style to Bold and color to White. 5. Create another text layer below 'OceanRescue' and type the slogan 'Protecting our Seas'. Set its font size to be smaller than the main text, and change the color to a light blue. 6. Use the Custom Shape tool to draw a five-point star, fill it with a solid yellow color, and position it in the top-right corner of the canvas. 7. Go to File > Export As or Save As, choose PNG format, and name the file 'OR_LOGO.png'.
Marking scheme
Award up to 8 marks: [1 Mark] Canvas size is set to exactly 400 pixels wide by 150 pixels high. [1 Mark] Dark blue background is filled across the canvas. [1 Mark] Dolphin image is inserted, positioned on the left, and is not distorted. [1 Mark] Text 'OceanRescue' is entered with correct spelling and capitalisation in a sans-serif font. [1 Mark] Text 'OceanRescue' is white and bold. [1 Mark] Slogan text 'Protecting our Seas' is correct, light blue, and smaller than 'OceanRescue'. [1 Mark] Yellow five-point star shape is created and placed in the top-right corner. [1 Mark] Final image is saved in PNG format with the filename 'OR_LOGO'.
Question 2 · practical
25 marks
GreenMeadow Eco-Resort uses a relational database to manage its accommodation bookings. The database consists of two tables: CABIN and BOOKING.
Perform the following tasks using database software:
**Task A2a (6 marks)** 1. Create a database named 'GREENMEADOW'. 2. Create the CABIN table structure using the specifications provided. 3. Apply a validation rule to the 'Capacity' field to ensure only values between 1 and 8 (inclusive) are accepted. Enter an appropriate validation text. 4. Save the CABIN table.
**Task A2b (4 marks)** 1. Establish a one-to-many relationship between the CABIN table and the BOOKING table. 2. Add the following record to the CABIN table: * CabinID: C05 * Name: Fern Canopy * Type: Eco-Dome * DailyRate: £145.00 * Capacity: 4 * HasHotTub: Yes 3. Save the table and take a screenshot of the relationship window.
**Task A2c (8 marks)** 1. Create a query (Query 1) to find all cabins that are either 'Deluxe' or 'Eco-Dome' type AND have a hot tub (HasHotTub = Yes). Show only the fields: Name, Type, and DailyRate. Save this query as 'q_PremiumHotTubs'. 2. Create a second query (Query 2) to show bookings starting in July 2024 (StartDate between 01/07/2024 and 31/07/2024). * Include the fields: GuestName, CabinID, StartDate, Nights, and DailyRate. * Create a calculated field named 'TotalCost' that multiplies Nights by DailyRate. * Save this query as 'q_JulyBookings'.
**Task A2d (7 marks)** 1. Create a database report based on 'q_JulyBookings'. 2. Group the report by CabinID. 3. Sort the records within each group in descending order of TotalCost. 4. Show only the fields: GuestName, StartDate, Nights, and TotalCost. 5. Give the report the title: 'July 2024 Bookings Summary'. 6. Add a calculation to the report footer to show the sum of all TotalCosts, labeled as 'Total Revenue'. Format this sum as Currency. 7. Save the report as 'rpt_JulySummary'.
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Worked solution
### Step-by-Step Practical Solution:
1. **Task A2a: Database Creation & Validation** * Open MS Access or equivalent database software and create a blank database named `GREENMEADOW`. * Design the `CABIN` table view. Set `CabinID` as Primary Key (Short Text). * For the `Capacity` field, go to Field Properties -> Validation Rule and enter: `>= 1 And <= 8` (or `Between 1 And 8`). * Under Validation Text, enter: `Capacity must be between 1 and 8.`
2. **Task A2b: Relationships and Data Entry** * Open Database Tools -> Relationships. Add both `CABIN` and `BOOKING` tables. * Drag `CabinID` from the `CABIN` table to `CabinID` in the `BOOKING` table. Tick 'Enforce Referential Integrity'. This creates a 1-to-many relationship. * Open `CABIN` table in datasheet view and insert the row: `C05`, `Fern Canopy`, `Eco-Dome`, `145.00`, `4`, `True` (checked).
3. **Task A2c: Queries** * **Query 1 ('q_PremiumHotTubs')**: * Add `CABIN` table to query design. * Select fields: `Name`, `Type`, `DailyRate` (Check 'Show' for all three). * Criteria for `Type`: `"Deluxe" Or "Eco-Dome"`. * Criteria for `HasHotTub` (add to design grid but uncheck 'Show' if not requested, or leave it shown if required, but task says 'Show only the fields Name, Type, DailyRate'): Criteria `True`. * Save as `q_PremiumHotTubs`. * **Query 2 ('q_JulyBookings')**: * Add `CABIN` and `BOOKING` tables to query design. * Select fields: `GuestName`, `CabinID`, `StartDate`, `Nights`, `DailyRate`. * Criteria for `StartDate`: `Between #01/07/2024# And #31/07/2024#` (or `>=#01/07/2024# And <=#31/07/2024#`). * Add calculated field: `TotalCost: [Nights]*[DailyRate]`. Set format to Currency in field property sheet. * Save as `q_JulyBookings`.
4. **Task A2d: Database Report** * Use Report Wizard based on `q_JulyBookings`. * Select fields: `GuestName`, `StartDate`, `Nights`, `TotalCost` and the grouping field `CabinID`. * Set grouping level: `CabinID`. * Set sorting: `TotalCost` Descending. * Change title to `July 2024 Bookings Summary`. * In the Report Footer, add a text box. Set Control Source to `=Sum([TotalCost])`. Set the associated label text to `Total Revenue:`. Format the text box as Currency.
Marking scheme
**Task A2a (Max 6 marks)** * 1 mark: Correct table names and appropriate database file creation [Method]. * 1 mark: Correct fields and data types for CABIN table, with CabinID set as Primary Key [Accuracy]. * 1 mark: Validation rule successfully set to check boundaries of Capacity (`>=1 And <=8` or equivalent) [Method]. * 1 mark: Custom validation message defined and user-friendly [Accuracy].
**Task A2b (Max 4 marks)** * 1 mark: One-to-many relationship correctly configured between CABIN and BOOKING tables using CabinID [Method]. * 1 mark: Referential integrity enforced on the relationship [Accuracy]. * 2 marks: Record `C05` entered exactly as requested without spelling or data format errors [Accuracy].
**Task A2c (Max 8 marks)** * **Query 1 (q_PremiumHotTubs)**: * 1 mark: Correct filtering of Type (Deluxe or Eco-Dome) AND HasHotTub is Yes/True [Accuracy]. * 1 mark: Only requested fields (Name, Type, DailyRate) visible [Accuracy]. * **Query 2 (q_JulyBookings)**: * 1 mark: Date criteria correctly applied to isolate July 2024 (`Between #01/07/2024# And #31/07/2024#` or equivalent) [Method]. * 2 marks: Calculated expression `TotalCost: [Nights]*[DailyRate]` correct syntax and mapped [Method/Accuracy]. * 1 mark: Calculated field successfully formatted as Currency [Accuracy].
**Task A2d (Max 7 marks)** * 1 mark: Report generated using `q_JulyBookings` data source [Method]. * 1 mark: Report grouped by `CabinID` [Accuracy]. * 1 mark: Report sorted in descending order of `TotalCost` within groups [Accuracy]. * 1 mark: Only specified fields (GuestName, StartDate, Nights, TotalCost) visible in detail section [Accuracy]. * 1 mark: Custom title 'July 2024 Bookings Summary' applied exactly as specified [Accuracy]. * 2 marks: Total sum of `TotalCost` calculated correctly in the footer using `=Sum([TotalCost])` with label 'Total Revenue' formatted as Currency [Method/Accuracy].
Question 3 · practical
17 marks
Task A3: Sailing Sea Adventures (SSA) Web Authoring. SSA is a company offering sailing lessons. You are required to create a stylesheet and a home page for their new website. All files must be saved in your workspace folder. (a) Create a stylesheet named 'ssa.css' to define the style rules for the website. The stylesheet must style the following elements: 1. body: background color set to light blue (#E0F2F1). 2. h1: font family 'Trebuchet MS', color dark blue (#0D47A1), centered, size 28px. 3. h2: font family Arial, color dark blue (#0D47A1), left-aligned, size 20px. 4. p: font family Arial, size 14px, color black (#000000). [6 marks] (b) Create a web page named 'index.html' using a text or web editor. The web page must include: 1. A page title of 'Sailing Sea Adventures - Home'. 2. An external link to the stylesheet 'ssa.css'. 3. A main heading 'Sailing Sea Adventures' using h1. 4. A navigation section with active links to 'index.html' (labeled 'Home') and 'courses.html' (labeled 'Courses'). 5. An image 'sailboat.jpg' with alternative text 'Sailing boat on water', with the width set to 400px. 6. An email hyperlink to 'info@sailingseaadv.co.uk' with the display text 'Contact Our Instructor'. [8 marks] (c) State two benefits of using an external CSS stylesheet instead of inline formatting. State one method a developer can use to ensure a website is accessible to visually impaired users. [3 marks]
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Part (c): 1. Two benefits of external CSS: Separates content from design, allowing easier updates across multiple pages; Reduces file size and page load times since the stylesheet is cached by the browser. 2. Accessibility technique: Using descriptive alt text on images so screen readers can describe them, or using high-contrast text and background combinations.
Marking scheme
Part (a) [6 Marks Total]: 1 mark for correct body background color (#E0F2F1). 1 mark for h1 font-family ('Trebuchet MS') and color (#0D47A1). 1 mark for h1 text-align (center) and font-size (28px). 1 mark for h2 font-family (Arial), color (#0D47A1), and left-alignment. 1 mark for p font-family (Arial), font-size (14px), and color (#000000). 1 mark for correct CSS syntax (proper braces, colons, semi-colons). Part (b) [8 Marks Total]: 1 mark for page title 'Sailing Sea Adventures - Home'. 1 mark for correct external link syntax referencing 'ssa.css'. 1 mark for correct use of h1 tag for the main heading. 1 mark for navigation links with correct href values ('index.html' and 'courses.html'). 1 mark for including 'sailboat.jpg' image tag. 1 mark for alternative text attribute set to 'Sailing boat on water'. 1 mark for width attribute set to 400px. 1 mark for correct mailto link formatting (mailto:info@sailingseaadv.co.uk) and display text. Part (c) [3 Marks Total]: 1 mark for first valid CSS benefit (e.g., consistency, maintenance). 1 mark for second valid CSS benefit (e.g., faster loading speed, modular code). 1 mark for valid accessibility technique (e.g., alt text for screen readers, high contrast colors, scalable font sizes).
Question 4 · Practical
25 marks
Scenario: GreenWheels Eco-Rentals rents electric scooters and bicycles to tourists. The manager, Jin, has started a spreadsheet to calculate the rental income for July. Open the file RENTALS.xlsx. Save the spreadsheet as B1_JULY. Task B1a: Format the worksheet so that cell range A1 to I1 is merged and centered, with a dark green background color and bold white text. Insert a new row above Row 3 to leave a blank space between the title and table headers. [3 marks] Task B1b: Enter a formula in cell C4 to look up the Daily Rate of the Vehicle Type from the Rates worksheet. Make sure you use absolute cell referencing so that the formula can be replicated. Replicate the formula for all records. [4 marks] Task B1c: Enter a formula in cell G4 to calculate the Base Cost (Daily Rate multiplied by Days Rented). Replicate this formula for all records. [2 marks] Task B1d: Enter a formula in cell F4 to look up the Discount % from the Rates worksheet using the Discount Code in cell E4. Enter a formula in cell H4 to calculate the Discount Amount (Base Cost multiplied by Discount %). Enter a formula in cell I4 to calculate the Total Cost (Base Cost minus Discount Amount). Replicate these formulas down for all records. [6 marks] Task B1e: Use an IF function in column J (with header 'Rental Type') to display 'Premium' if the Total Cost is greater than 150, otherwise display 'Standard'. Replicate this formula for all records. [3 marks] Task B1f: Format all currency columns to currency style with the Pound symbol and 2 decimal places. Format the Discount % column to percentage style with 0 decimal places. Ensure all cell contents are fully visible and gridlines are turned on. [2 marks] Task B1g: Create a suitable chart to compare the total income (Total Cost) generated by each Vehicle Type. Place the chart on a new sheet named Rental_Chart. Make sure the chart is fit for purpose, has an appropriate title, and fully labeled axes. [5 marks]
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Worked solution
To complete this practical task, follow these steps: 1. Open RENTALS.xlsx and save it as B1_JULY. 2. For Task B1a: Highlight cell range A1 to I1, select 'Merge & Center' from the Home ribbon. Change the fill color to dark green and font color to white, then click Bold. Right-click on Row 3 and select 'Insert' to insert a blank row. 3. For Task B1b: In cell C4, enter the formula =VLOOKUP(B4, Rates!$A$3:$B$6, 2, FALSE). Drag the fill handle down to copy the formula for all rows. 4. For Task B1c: In cell G4, enter the formula =C4*D4 and drag the fill handle down to replicate. 5. For Task B1d: In cell F4, enter the formula =VLOOKUP(E4, Rates!$D$3:$E$6, 2, FALSE) to find the discount percentage. In cell H4, enter the formula =G4*F4 to find the discount amount. In cell I4, enter the formula =G4-H4 to find the total cost. Replicate all three formulas down. 6. For Task B1e: In cell J4 (under header 'Rental Type'), enter the formula =IF(I4>150, "Premium", "Standard") and replicate it down. 7. For Task B1f: Select columns C, G, H, and I, and format them as Currency with British Pound symbol (£) and 2 decimal places. Select column F and format as Percentage with 0 decimal places. Auto-fit columns to prevent any truncated text. 8. For Task B1g: Select the columns for Vehicle Type and Total Cost. Insert a Column/Bar chart. Move the chart to a new sheet named 'Rental_Chart'. Add a chart title 'Total Rental Income by Vehicle Type', a vertical axis title 'Income (£)', and a horizontal axis title 'Vehicle Type'.
Marking scheme
Task B1a (Max 3 marks): [1 mark] Merging and centering cell range A1 to I1. [1 mark] Applying dark green background fill and white bold text formatting. [1 mark] Inserting a new row above Row 3. Task B1b (Max 4 marks): [1 mark] Use of correct VLOOKUP function syntax. [1 mark] Correct lookup values and array referencing the 'Rates' sheet. [1 mark] Use of absolute cell referencing ($) for the table array. [1 mark] Replicating the formula down for all records. Task B1c (Max 2 marks): [1 mark] Correct formula for Base Cost (=C4*D4). [1 mark] Replicating the formula down for all records. Task B1d (Max 6 marks): [1 mark] Correct VLOOKUP formula for Discount % in F4. [1 mark] Use of absolute cell referencing ($) for the discount table array. [1 mark] Correct formula for Discount Amount (=G4*F4) in H4. [1 mark] Correct formula for Total Cost (=G4-H4) in I4. [2 marks] Replicating all formulas down accurately across all rows (1 mark for partial, 2 marks for all). Task B1e (Max 3 marks): [1 mark] Correct use of logical test (I4>150) in IF function. [1 mark] Correct string outputs 'Premium' and 'Standard' configured. [1 mark] Replicating formula down for all records. Task B1f (Max 2 marks): [1 mark] Currency columns formatted as GBP (£) to 2 decimal places and Percentage column to 0 decimal places. [1 mark] Gridlines visible and no truncated data (columns auto-fitted). Task B1g (Max 5 marks): [1 mark] Appropriate chart type (Column/Bar) selected. [1 mark] Chart placed on a separate worksheet named 'Rental_Chart'. [1 mark] Clear, appropriate chart title included. [1 mark] Horizontal and Vertical axes correctly labeled. [1 mark] Chart compares correct series with no overlapping text.
Question 5 · Practical Task B2
4 marks
The spreadsheet contains data in the range A1:E50. Row 1 contains the column headers: A1: MemberID, B1: Name, C1: MembershipType, D1: MonthlyFee, E1: Visits.
(a) State the filter criteria needed to display only 'Gold' members who have visited more than 15 times. [2]
(b) State the two specific cell ranges (including column headers) that must be selected to create a column chart showing the Name and Visits of these filtered members. [2]
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Worked solution
For part (a), the filter needs to isolate records based on two conditions: the 'MembershipType' column must be equal to 'Gold' and the 'Visits' column must be set to values greater than 15. For part (b), to generate a chart displaying the 'Name' and 'Visits' columns for the filtered subset, you must select the matching columns including the header cells in Row 1. The two distinct ranges are B1:B50 (for Name) and E1:E50 (for Visits).
Marking scheme
Part (a): - 1 mark for identifying "Gold" as the filter value for Column C (MembershipType). - 1 mark for identifying "> 15" (or greater than 15) as the filter criteria for Column E (Visits).
Part (b): - 1 mark for specifying the correct range for Names: B1:B50 (must include the header in row 1). - 1 mark for specifying the correct range for Visits: E1:E50 (must include the header in row 1). - Deduct 1 mark if row 1 is omitted from either range (e.g., B2:B50 and E2:E50).
Question 6 · Practical Task B3
4 marks
A spreadsheet is used to calculate the cost of booking hotel rooms. Cell B3 contains the daily room rate. Cell C6 contains the number of days a guest stays. The developer enters a formula in cell D6 to calculate the total cost, which is then replicated down to cell D20. Explain why the developer must use an absolute cell reference for cell B3 and a relative cell reference for cell C6 in the formula.
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Worked solution
To calculate the total cost, the formula in D6 needs to multiply the daily rate in B3 by the number of days in C6. When replicating this formula down through column D: 1. The daily room rate in cell B3 is a single fixed value. If a relative reference were used, replicating the formula down would change the reference to B4, B5, etc., leading to incorrect calculations or errors. Using an absolute reference ($B$3) ensures the formula always points back to the correct cell. 2. The number of days stayed is different for each guest and is stored in consecutive rows (C6, C7, C8...). Using a relative reference (C6) allows the spreadsheet to automatically update the cell reference to match the current row (e.g., C7 for the next guest in row 7) when the formula is replicated.
Marking scheme
Award 1 mark for each of the following points, up to a maximum of 4 marks: 1. Explaining that the daily room rate in B3 is a single, fixed value that does not change position. 2. Explaining that using an absolute reference ($B$3) prevents the cell reference from changing when the formula is copied or replicated down. 3. Explaining that the number of days stayed is specific to each guest and varies across different rows. 4. Explaining that using a relative reference (C6) allows the reference to automatically update to the correct row (C7, C8, etc.) when replicated down.
**Task B4: GreenVibe Brochure** GreenVibe Initiatives wants to produce a promotional brochure to encourage volunteers to join their Clean Oceans Campaign. You must use word processing software to format the document and then answer design and health and safety questions. **Task B4a: Create the Brochure (10 marks)** 1. Open a blank word processing document. Change the page orientation to Landscape and set all margins (Top, Bottom, Left, Right) to 1.5 cm. (2 marks) 2. Format the document into three equal columns with a 0.5 cm gap between them. (2 marks) 3. Enter the heading 'Clean Oceans Campaign 2024' in the first column. Format this heading to be: Arial, 18 pt, Bold, and Centered. (2 marks) 4. Insert an image 'plastic_waste.png' into the second column. Resize the image so it is exactly 5 cm wide, maintaining its aspect ratio. Apply tight text wrapping to the image. (2 marks) 5. Add a footer to the document: Insert an automated page number aligned to the left and the current date aligned to the right. (2 marks) **Task B4b: Design and Typography Theory (4 marks)** 1. State two reasons why sans-serif fonts (such as Arial) are often preferred for headings in promotional documents. (2 marks) 2. Explain the purpose of using a column layout in a multi-fold promotional brochure. (2 marks) **Task B4c: Health and Safety (3 marks)** Staff spend long hours formatting documents on desktop computers. Identify one health risk associated with prolonged computer use and explain how a workplace ergonomic setup or user behavior can minimize this risk. (3 marks)
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Worked solution
**Task B4a (10 marks)** - Page layout: Landscape orientation, margins set to 1.5 cm. - Columns: Page split into 3 columns, spacing set to 0.5 cm. - Title: Text 'Clean Oceans Campaign 2024' in first column, Arial 18pt, bold, centered alignment. - Image: plastic_waste.png inserted in column 2, width exactly 5cm with locked aspect ratio, text wrap set to 'Tight'. - Footer: Page Number field on left, Date field on right. **Task B4b (4 marks)** 1. Sans-serif fonts are preferred for headings because their clean lines without decorative serifs make them highly readable at large sizes, and they create a strong visual contrast with body text. 2. A column layout organizes content into distinct panels that align perfectly with the physical folds of the brochure. It also narrows the text line length, making it much easier for the reader to read and scan. **Task B4c (3 marks)** - Risk: Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) in wrists/fingers. - Prevention: Use an ergonomic split-key keyboard or wrist support, and maintain a 90-degree wrist angle. This reduces muscle tension and physical strain on ligaments during long typing sessions.
Marking scheme
**Task B4a (10 marks)** [1 mark] Margins set to 1.5 cm. [1 mark] Landscape orientation. [1 mark] 3 columns layout. [1 mark] Column spacing set to 0.5 cm. [1 mark] Heading text exact, Arial, 18 pt, Bold. [1 mark] Heading centered. [1 mark] Image inserted and resized to 5 cm wide (aspect ratio preserved). [1 mark] Tight text wrapping applied to the image. [1 mark] Automated page number field in footer on the left. [1 mark] Current date field in footer on the right. **Task B4b (4 marks)** [1 mark] Sans-serif readability at large sizes/from distance. [1 mark] Clean appearance / contrast with body text. [1 mark] Columns match physical folds of tri-fold layout. [1 mark] Shorter line lengths enhance readability. **Task B4c (3 marks)** [1 mark] Identifies a valid health risk (e.g., RSI, Eye strain, Back pain). [1 mark] Identifies a correct control measure (e.g., ergonomic keyboard, anti-glare screen, chair adjustment). [1 mark] Explanation of how the control measure reduces the risk (e.g., supports lumbar posture, reduces physical stress, prevents eye fatigue).
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