HKDSE · Answers & Marking Scheme

2023 HKDSE English Language Answers & Marking Scheme

Thinka 2023 DSE-Style Mock — English Language

260 marks350 mins2023
AnalysisSample paperSolution
An original Thinka practice paper modelled on the structure and difficulty of that year's HKDSE paper. Not affiliated with or reproduced from the HKEAA.

Paper 1 Part A Reading

Read Text 1 and answer questions 1-22. All questions are compulsory.
22 Question · 22 marks
Question 1 · Multiple Choice
1 marks
Read the following sentence and answer the question:

"The old mansion stood at the edge of the cliff, a silent sentinel overlooking the churning dark waters of the Atlantic. For decades, locals whispered about the light that would occasionally flicker in the highest tower, long after the last of the Blackwood family had vanished into the mist."

In the context of the passage, what does the phrase "silent sentinel" suggest about the mansion?
  1. A.It was actively used as a lighthouse.
  2. B.It appeared watchful and imposing.
  3. C.It was a place of safety for local villagers.
  4. D.It had been completely destroyed by the sea.

Answer

B

Worked solution

The correct answer is B. The term "sentinel" means a guard or watchman. Describing the mansion as a "silent sentinel" metaphorically suggests that it stands in a prominent, watchful, and imposing position overlooking the sea, rather than being an actual lighthouse or a shelter.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for choosing the correct option B. No marks will be awarded for any other options.
Question 2 · Multiple Choice
1 marks
Read the following paragraph and answer the question:

"Social media algorithms are designed to maximize engagement, often by feeding users a diet of increasingly polarizing content. This creates echo chambers where personal biases are reinforced, and dissenting voices are systematically muted."

According to the text, what is the primary consequence of social media algorithms prioritizing user engagement?
  1. A.Users are exposed to a broader range of global perspectives.
  2. B.People are encouraged to change their minds on critical issues.
  3. C.Users' existing beliefs are strengthened while opposing views are filtered out.
  4. D.Online platforms become safer and more highly regulated environments.

Answer

C

Worked solution

The correct answer is C. The passage mentions that this design "creates echo chambers where personal biases are reinforced, and dissenting voices are systematically muted," which directly means that users' existing beliefs are strengthened while opposing views are filtered out.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for choosing the correct option C. No marks will be awarded for any other options.
Question 3 · Multiple Choice
1 marks
Read the following paragraph and answer the question:

"When Dr. Evelyn Chen first proposed using biodegradable micro-robots to target cancer cells, her peers dismissed the idea as mere science fiction. Ten years and hundreds of trials later, her pioneering work has saved thousands of lives, proving that audacity is often the precursor to breakthrough."

What is the writer's main purpose in mentioning the initial reaction of Dr. Chen's peers?
  1. A.To criticize the scientific community for being overly cautious.
  2. B.To emphasize the extraordinary nature and ultimate success of Dr. Chen's vision.
  3. C.To argue that most scientific theories are initially incorrect.
  4. D.To show that Dr. Chen lacked the proper qualifications at first.

Answer

B

Worked solution

The correct answer is B. By contrasting her peers' initial skepticism (dismissing it as "mere science fiction") with her eventual massive success ("saved thousands of lives"), the writer highlights the extraordinary, visionary nature of Dr. Chen's work and her ultimate success.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for choosing the correct option B. No marks will be awarded for any other options.
Question 4 · Multiple Choice
1 marks
Read the following paragraph and answer the question:

"The rapid encroachment of agricultural land into the rainforest has left the local orangutan population in fragmented pockets of forest. Without migratory corridors, these primates are facing an unprecedented genetic bottleneck."

Which of the following is closest in meaning to "fragmented pockets" as used in the text?
  1. A.Ruined shelters
  2. B.Isolated areas
  3. C.Divided groups
  4. D.Dangerous zones

Answer

B

Worked solution

The correct answer is B. "Fragmented pockets of forest" refers to small patches of forest that are separated or isolated from each other because of agricultural development. Thus, "isolated areas" is the closest in meaning.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for choosing the correct option B. No marks will be awarded for any other options.
Question 5 · Multiple Choice
1 marks
Read the following paragraph and answer the question:

"While carbon offsetting programs allow corporations to claim they are 'carbon neutral,' critics argue that these initiatives are often a smokescreen. They allow companies to continue polluting while purchasing cheap offsets elsewhere, rather than actively reducing their own emissions."

What does the word "smokescreen" imply about carbon offsetting programs?
  1. A.They are highly effective at purifying polluted air.
  2. B.They are a temporary solution to a long-term problem.
  3. C.They are used to disguise a lack of genuine environmental action.
  4. D.They are too expensive for small businesses to afford.

Answer

C

Worked solution

The correct answer is C. A "smokescreen" is a metaphor for something designed to hide or disguise the truth. Here, it implies that corporations use carbon offsetting to hide the fact that they are not taking genuine action to reduce their own pollution.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for choosing the correct option C. No marks will be awarded for any other options.
Question 6 · Multiple Choice
1 marks
Read the following paragraph and answer the question:

"With the rise of artificial intelligence, vocational adaptability has superseded technical specialization as the most coveted trait in the job market. Professionals who cling solely to a fixed skillset risk obsolescence."

According to the passage, what should modern professionals do to avoid becoming obsolete?
  1. A.Focus entirely on mastering one highly technical skill.
  2. B.Avoid careers that involve any form of technology.
  3. C.Learn to adapt and acquire new skills continuously.
  4. D.Seek long-term contracts with stable corporations.

Answer

C

Worked solution

The correct answer is C. The passage states that "vocational adaptability has superseded technical specialization," meaning that being able to adapt and learn new skills is now more important than sticking to a fixed skillset.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for choosing the correct option C. No marks will be awarded for any other options.
Question 7 · Multiple Choice
1 marks
Read the following sentence and answer the question:

"As Thomas stepped onto the stage, the deafening silence of the auditorium pressed against his ears. He could see the judges in the front row, their faces unreadable, pens poised like tiny daggers above their evaluation sheets."

Which literary device is used in the phrase "pens poised like tiny daggers"?
  1. A.Personification
  2. B.Simile
  3. C.Metaphor
  4. D.Alliteration

Answer

B

Worked solution

The correct answer is B. The writer uses the word "like" to make a direct comparison between the judges' pens and "tiny daggers," which is the definition of a simile.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for choosing the correct option B. No marks will be awarded for any other options.
Question 8 · Multiple Choice
1 marks
Read the following paragraph and answer the question:

"The gig economy, enabled by digital platforms, promises unparalleled flexibility for workers. However, this flexibility is a double-edged sword; it frequently comes at the expense of job security, health insurance, and paid leave."

What does the writer mean by describing the flexibility of the gig economy as a "double-edged sword"?
  1. A.It benefits employers much more than it benefits workers.
  2. B.It has both significant advantages and major disadvantages.
  3. C.It is a concept that is difficult for most people to understand.
  4. D.It is rapidly replacing traditional employment worldwide.

Answer

B

Worked solution

The correct answer is B. A "double-edged sword" refers to something that has both positive and negative consequences. In this context, the positive aspect is flexibility, while the negative aspects are the lack of job security and benefits.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for choosing the correct option B. No marks will be awarded for any other options.
Question 9 · Multiple Choice
1 marks
Read the following paragraph and answer the question:

"Before she became a household name, Chef Maria Santos spent years working eighteen-hour days in cramped, sweltering kitchens. Her culinary empire was not built overnight; it was forged in the heat of sheer grit and unyielding determination."

What is the tone of the writer towards Chef Maria Santos?
  1. A.Sympathetic
  2. B.Skeptical
  3. C.Admiring
  4. D.Objective

Answer

C

Worked solution

The correct answer is C. The author uses highly positive and respectful language, such as "culinary empire," "sheer grit," and "unyielding determination," which conveys an admiring and respectful tone.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for choosing the correct option C. No marks will be awarded for any other options.
Question 10 · Multiple Choice
1 marks
Read the following paragraph and answer the question:

"Conservationists argue that ecotourism can provide a vital financial lifeline for wildlife reserves. However, if left unregulated, the influx of visitors can disrupt mating patterns and degrade the very habitats the tourists pay to see."

Based on the passage, what is the main risk of unregulated ecotourism?
  1. A.It might lead to a complete loss of funding for wildlife reserves.
  2. B.It can cause harm to the animals and their natural environments.
  3. C.It will discourage tourists from visiting conservation areas.
  4. D.It prevents local communities from participating in tourism.

Answer

B

Worked solution

The correct answer is B. The text clearly states that unregulated ecotourism can "disrupt mating patterns and degrade the very habitats," which means it directly causes harm to the animals and their natural environments.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for choosing the correct option B. No marks will be awarded for any other options.
Question 11 · Short Answer
1 marks
According to paragraph 1, what is the main reason traditional print newspapers are struggling to survive?

Answer

The rapid shift of advertising revenue to online platforms.

Worked solution

The text in Paragraph 1 states: "As advertisers migrate en masse to social media giants and search engines, the lifeblood of print news—advertising revenue—has dried up, leaving traditional newsrooms underfunded." Therefore, the main reason is the transfer of advertising revenue to digital/online platforms.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for answers identifying the migration/loss of advertising revenue to online platforms. Reject: "the internet" (too vague), "loss of readers" (not the primary reason stated in the paragraph).
Question 12 · Short Answer
1 marks
In paragraph 2, what word does the author use to describe the sudden, overwhelming influx of unverified information online?

Answer

deluge

Worked solution

In Paragraph 2, the author writes: "The democratization of publishing has created a deluge of content, where unverified rumors often outpace factual reporting." "Deluge" refers to an overwhelming quantity of something arriving at the same time.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for "deluge" (or "a deluge"). Do not accept spelling mistakes that change the meaning of the word.
Question 13 · Short Answer
1 marks
Based on paragraph 3, state one way technology has empowered independent journalists.

Answer

It allows them to bypass traditional gatekeepers and publish directly to their audience.

Worked solution

Paragraph 3 states: "Advancements in digital publishing tools have lowered the barrier to entry, allowing independent writers to bypass traditional media gatekeepers and reach global audiences directly." Thus, technology has empowered them by removing institutional gatekeepers or lowering entry costs.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for mentioning "bypassing traditional gatekeepers" OR "reaching global audiences directly" OR "lowering the barrier to entry / distribution costs".
Question 14 · Short Answer
1 marks
According to paragraph 4, how do collaborative investigative networks benefit individual journalists?

Answer

By sharing resources and collectively shouldering safety risks.

Worked solution

Paragraph 4 explains: "By forming global collaborative networks, independent journalists can share resources, cross-verify sources, and collectively shoulder the safety risks associated with exposing corruption."

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for answers identifying "sharing resources" OR "cross-verifying sources" OR "collectively shouldering safety/security risks".
Question 15 · Short Answer
1 marks
In paragraph 5, what is identified as the primary financial challenge for freelance journalists?

Answer

The highly unpredictable nature of monthly reader donations or crowdfunding.

Worked solution

Paragraph 5 details: "While crowdfunding offers autonomy, freelance reporters face severe financial instability due to the highly unpredictable nature of monthly reader donations."

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for answers mentioning the "unpredictable/unstable nature of reader donations" OR "financial instability of crowdfunding". Reject general answers like "not having a salary".
Question 16 · Short Answer
1 marks
In paragraph 6, what quality does the author praise in journalists who report from conflict zones?

Answer

Unwavering resilience

Worked solution

Paragraph 6 states: "The unwavering resilience of these field reporters, who risk their lives in active conflict zones to bring us the truth, is nothing short of heroic."

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for "unwavering resilience" or "resilience". Accept "courage" or "bravery" as acceptable synonyms reflecting the context.
Question 17 · Short Answer
1 marks
Based on paragraph 7, what environmental issue is currently being underreported due to the decline of local newsrooms?

Answer

Local industrial pollution / the degradation of rural ecosystems.

Worked solution

Paragraph 7 points out: "As local newsrooms shut down, critical regional issues—most notably local industrial pollution and the degradation of rural ecosystems—go entirely unmonitored and underreported."

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for "local industrial pollution" OR "degradation of rural ecosystems". Both options are acceptable.
Question 18 · Summary Completion
1 marks
Read the following text and complete the summary blank with ONE word found in the text. Text: 'During the rainy summer of 1816, Mary Shelley and her companions found themselves trapped indoors. To pass the time, they engaged in a competition to write the most terrifying ghost story.' Summary: Because of the (i) __________ weather, Shelley and her friends stayed indoors and decided to write scary stories to amuse themselves.

Answer

rainy

Worked solution

The text mentions 'the rainy summer of 1816', which matches 'the [rainy] weather' in the summary.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for the correct spelling 'rainy'. Accept capitalized 'Rainy'. Reject other forms or words not from the text.
Question 19 · Summary Completion
1 marks
Read the following text and complete the summary blank with ONE word found in the text. Text: 'The rapid proliferation of social media platforms has revolutionized how young people consume news. However, this shift has also amplified the spread of misinformation, making critical thinking an indispensable skill for digital citizens.' Summary: While online platforms have changed news consumption, they have also increased the dissemination of (ii) __________, highlighting the need for critical analysis.

Answer

misinformation

Worked solution

The text states that the shift 'amplified the spread of misinformation', which corresponds to 'increased the dissemination of [misinformation]' in the summary.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for the correct spelling 'misinformation'. Accept capitalized 'Misinformation'. Reject spelling errors.
Question 20 · Summary Completion
1 marks
Read the following text and complete the summary blank with ONE word found in the text. Text: 'Before conquering Mount Everest in 1953, Sir Edmund Hillary spent years honing his climbing skills on the demanding peaks of the Southern Alps in New Zealand, where he developed the resilience required for high-altitude expeditions.' Summary: Hillary cultivated the necessary (iii) __________ for scaling Everest by training extensively on challenging mountains in his homeland.

Answer

resilience

Worked solution

The text notes he 'developed the resilience required', which aligns with 'cultivated the necessary [resilience]' in the summary.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for the correct spelling 'resilience'. Accept capitalized 'Resilience'. Reject other synonyms not from the text.
Question 21 · Summary Completion
1 marks
Read the following text and complete the summary blank with ONE word found in the text. Text: 'Strict anti-poaching laws and community-led patrols have successfully curbed the illegal wildlife trade in the reserve. Consequently, the local elephant population has shown a remarkable recovery over the past decade.' Summary: Thanks to rigorous legislation and local surveillance efforts, the elephant population has rebounded because the illegal trade has been (iv) __________.

Answer

curbed

Worked solution

The text explains that patrols 'have successfully curbed the illegal wildlife trade', which corresponds to 'the illegal trade has been [curbed]' in the passive voice summary.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for the correct spelling and tense 'curbed'. Accept capitalized 'Curbed'. Reject 'curb'.
Question 22 · Summary Completion
1 marks
Read the following text and complete the summary blank with ONE word found in the text. Text: 'In an effort to mitigate municipal waste, several metropolitan cities have mandated the use of biodegradable packaging, penalizing supermarkets that continue to distribute single-use plastics.' Summary: To reduce urban garbage, some major cities now require companies to adopt (v) __________ packaging materials.

Answer

biodegradable

Worked solution

The text mentions cities 'have mandated the use of biodegradable packaging', matching 'require companies to adopt [biodegradable] packaging materials' in the summary.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for the correct spelling 'biodegradable'. Accept capitalized 'Biodegradable'. Reject spelling variations.

Paper 1 Part B2 Reading

Read Text 4 and answer questions 46-69. Graded section (more difficult).
24 Question · 24 marks
Question 1 · Short Answer
1 marks
In paragraph 1, what does the phrase "cacophony of the anthropocene" suggest about the modern ocean?

Answer

It is filled with disruptive, man-made noise.

Worked solution

The phrase highlights how human activities have filled the oceans with loud, chaotic, and unnatural noise, disrupting the marine environment.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for answers that mention the presence of disruptive, human-made noise or sound pollution in the ocean. (Reject: just "it is noisy" without mentioning human/man-made influence).
Question 2 · Short Answer
1 marks
According to paragraph 2, what is the main drawback of relying solely on visual observation to study deep-sea creatures?

Answer

It is limited by poor light conditions and the vastness of the deep ocean.

Worked solution

Visual surveys are highly restricted by low visibility in deep waters and the fact that many marine species remain hidden or scattered across vast areas.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for mentioning poor visibility, depth, or the difficulty of spotting hidden creatures in vast areas.
Question 3 · Short Answer
1 marks
Which word in paragraph 3 means "gradually causing serious, unseen harm"?

Answer

insidious

Worked solution

"insidious" describes something that proceeds in a gradual, subtle way, but with very harmful long-term effects.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for the exact word "insidious". Spelling must be correct.
Question 4 · Short Answer
1 marks
Based on paragraph 4, how do seismic airguns impact the communication of baleen whales?

Answer

They drown out or mask the low-frequency songs used by whales to communicate.

Worked solution

The intense sound pulses emitted by seismic airguns overlap with and mask the low-frequency sounds that baleen whales use to communicate over long distances.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for stating that the airgun sounds mask, drown out, or disrupt their low-frequency communication or songs.
Question 5 · Short Answer
1 marks
What metaphor does the writer use in paragraph 5 to describe the collective sounds of a healthy coral reef?

Answer

orchestra

Worked solution

The writer compares the diverse sounds of clicking snapping shrimp, grunting fish, and other organisms to an "underwater orchestra" or "marine symphony".

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for "orchestra" or "symphony". Do not accept literal descriptions of marine sounds.
Question 6 · Short Answer
1 marks
According to paragraph 6, how do passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) systems help marine biologists detect illegal fishing?

Answer

By recording and identifying the distinctive engine sounds of vessels or blast fishing explosions.

Worked solution

PAM systems record underwater environments, allowing biologists to detect and pinpoint unauthorized boat engines and the sound of explosives used in blast fishing.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for mentioning detecting vessel/boat engine noises or explosive sounds from blast fishing.
Question 7 · Short Answer
1 marks
In line 45, what does "this silent crisis" refer to?

Answer

The growing problem of marine noise pollution.

Worked solution

The phrase refers to the escalating issue of underwater noise pollution, which is called "silent" because humans cannot easily hear it from above the surface, yet it devastates marine life.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for answers identifying ocean/marine noise pollution or underwater acoustic pollution. (Reject general terms like "pollution" or "climate change").
Question 8 · Short Answer
1 marks
According to paragraph 8, what is the primary economic concern for shipping companies regarding "slow-steaming"?

Answer

Increased transit times.

Worked solution

Shipping companies worry that slowing down vessels to reduce noise will lengthen transit times, disrupting supply chains and leading to financial losses.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for mentioning longer transit/delivery times or financial losses associated with slower delivery.
Question 9 · Short Answer
1 marks
What is the writer’s attitude in paragraph 9 towards international efforts to regulate ocean noise?

Answer

Skeptical

Worked solution

The writer uses words like "toothless" to describe existing frameworks, showing a highly skeptical and critical attitude towards current regulatory attempts.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for "skeptical", "critical", "pessimistic", or "dissatisfied".
Question 10 · Short Answer
1 marks
Based on the final paragraph, how can ordinary citizens contribute to the conservation project?

Answer

By recording and uploading local marine sounds using mobile apps.

Worked solution

Ordinary citizens can support the project as citizen scientists by using mobile applications to record coastal sounds and upload them to a collective database.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for answers mentioning recording marine/coastal sounds and uploading/submitting them to the project database.
Question 11 · Short Answer
1 marks
According to paragraph 2, what is the "double-edged sword" of ocean carbon capture technology?

Answer

It reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide but threatens to disrupt the pH balance of deep-sea ecosystems.

Worked solution

The text states that while ocean-based carbon sequestration reduces atmospheric CO2, the localized acidification endangers sensitive deep-sea marine life, thus presenting a trade-off.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for identifying both aspects: the benefit (reducing atmospheric CO2) and the risk (harming deep-sea ecosystems/acidification). Reject answers that only mention one side.
Question 12 · Short Answer
1 marks
In paragraph 4, what metaphor does the author use to describe the role of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in the twilight zone?

Answer

unblinking mechanical sentinels

Worked solution

The author writes that these autonomous underwater vehicles act as "unblinking mechanical sentinels," charting territories where human divers cannot go.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for the exact metaphor "unblinking mechanical sentinels" or "mechanical sentinels".
Question 13 · Short Answer
1 marks
According to paragraph 5, what personal attribute of Dr. Sylvia Earle enabled her to achieve her record-breaking deep-ocean descent?

Answer

her indomitable curiosity

Worked solution

Paragraph 5 notes that "it was Earle's indomitable curiosity, rather than mere technical prowess, that propelled her past the bathypelagic thresholds."

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for "indomitable curiosity" or "curiosity". Reject "technical prowess".
Question 14 · Short Answer
1 marks
Why does the author refer to the mesopelagic zone as a "genetic goldmine" in paragraph 6?

Answer

Because of the unique survival adaptations of its organisms, which offer novel biochemical compounds.

Worked solution

The author explains that the extraordinary physiological adaptations of organisms living under extreme pressure offer untapped chemical compounds for pharmaceutical development.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for referencing the unique survival adaptations or novel biochemical/chemical compounds of the organisms for research. Reject answers that mention biodiversity without linking to adaptation or scientific potential.
Question 15 · Short Answer
1 marks
Identify the primary threat to lanternfish populations as discussed in paragraph 8.

Answer

Commercial industrial super-trawling

Worked solution

Paragraph 8 states that lanternfish are increasingly threatened by commercial industrial super-trawling targeting them for fishmeal production.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for "commercial industrial super-trawling" or "super-trawling (for fishmeal)". Reject general answers like "fishing" or "human activity".
Question 16 · Short Answer
1 marks
What is the main career challenge currently faced by aspiring deep-sea marine biologists as mentioned in paragraph 9?

Answer

Prohibitive expedition costs and limited research vessel funding.

Worked solution

The author notes that securing berths on deep-sea expeditions remains exceptionally difficult due to prohibitive operational costs and dwindling research grants.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for mentioning high costs of expeditions, limited funding/grants, or difficulty securing berths. Reject answers that only mention general academic competition.
Question 17 · Short Answer
1 marks
In paragraph 11, how does the "Ocean-Net" initiative utilize online digital technology to foster public support for conservation?

Answer

By streaming real-time deep-sea exploration video directly to classrooms.

Worked solution

The text explains that the initiative uses high-speed satellite links to stream real-time footage of deep-sea expeditions to classrooms, thereby engaging the public directly.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for referencing "streaming real-time video/footage" or "broadcasting live deep-sea explorations". Reject general answers like "using websites" or "posting photos".
Question 18 · Short Answer
1 marks
What does the author compare the delicate glass sponge reefs to in paragraph 12?

Answer

cathedrals of spun glass

Worked solution

The author compares the glass sponge reefs to "cathedrals of spun glass" to emphasize their intricate beauty and extreme vulnerability.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for the exact phrase "cathedrals of spun glass" or "spun glass cathedrals".
Question 19 · Summary Completion Table
1 marks
Complete the summary table below based on Text 4. Write ONE word in the blank. [Threat of Deep-Sea Mining]: Deep-sea mining risks causing irreversible damage to hydrothermal [Blank 46] and the unique lifeforms they support. [Text excerpt]: '...heavy mining machinery will scrape the ocean floor, obliterating hydrothermal vents that host ancient, chemosynthetic ecosystems found nowhere else on Earth...'

Answer

vents

Worked solution

The passage states that mining machinery will obliterate 'hydrothermal vents'. The summary table paraphrases this as 'irreversible damage to hydrothermal [Blank 46]', making 'vents' the correct word.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for 'vents'. Accept 'vent' (singular form). Reject any spelling errors or other words.
Question 20 · Summary Completion Table
1 marks
Complete the summary table below based on Text 4. Write ONE word in the blank. [Affected Organisms]: Many species residing in these deep trenches are highly [Blank 47], meaning they cannot survive in any other habitat. [Text excerpt]: '...the species inhabiting these abyssal depths are highly endemic, restricted to tiny geographic ranges...'

Answer

endemic

Worked solution

The text describes deep-sea species as 'highly endemic', which corresponds to the explanation in the summary 'meaning they cannot survive in any other habitat'. Thus, 'endemic' is the correct adjective.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for 'endemic'. Reject 'endemics' or 'endemicity'. Spelling must be exact.
Question 21 · Summary Completion Table
1 marks
Complete the summary table below based on Text 4. Write ONE word in the blank. [Industry Argument]: Mining corporations argue that deep-sea minerals are vital for the global [Blank 48] to renewable energy. [Text excerpt]: 'Proponents argue that mining seafloor nodules is essential to facilitate the global transition to low-carbon technologies.'

Answer

transition

Worked solution

The text mentions facilitating the 'global transition'. In the summary, 'global [Blank 48]' directly mirrors this, identifying 'transition' as the correct noun.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for 'transition'. Reject 'transitioning' or 'transitions'.
Question 22 · Summary Completion Table
1 marks
Complete the summary table below based on Text 4. Write ONE word in the blank. [Environmentalist Counter-argument]: Conservationists argue that improving battery [Blank 49] would reduce the need for raw deep-sea ores. [Text excerpt]: '...environmental groups counter that accelerating battery recycling and investing in alternative chemistries could completely negate the need for deep-sea minerals.'

Answer

recycling

Worked solution

The text points to 'accelerating battery recycling' as an alternative. The summary refers to 'improving battery [Blank 49]', making 'recycling' the target noun.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for 'recycling'. Reject 'recycle' or 'recycled'.
Question 23 · Summary Completion Table
1 marks
Complete the summary table below based on Text 4. Write ONE word in the blank. [Current Legal Status]: Currently, international waters are governed by a body that faces criticism for a lack of environmental [Blank 50]. [Text excerpt]: '...the International Seabed Authority (ISA) has faced intense scrutiny over its perceived lack of environmental oversight...'

Answer

oversight

Worked solution

The text states that the ISA faces scrutiny over a 'lack of environmental oversight'. In the summary, 'lack of environmental [Blank 50]' corresponds perfectly to this, indicating 'oversight' is the correct word.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for 'oversight'. Reject 'overseeing' or 'supervision' (as it is not from the text).
Question 24 · Summary Completion Table
1 marks
Complete the summary table below based on Text 4. Write ONE word in the blank. [Proposed Action]: Many countries and scientists are now calling for an immediate [Blank 51] to halt mining activities until more research is conducted. [Text excerpt]: '...leading to a growing coalition of nations demanding a precautionary moratorium on all deep-sea exploitation...'

Answer

moratorium

Worked solution

The text discusses nations 'demanding a precautionary moratorium'. The summary rewrites this as calling for an 'immediate [Blank 51] to halt mining activities'. 'Moratorium' means a temporary prohibition of an activity, which fits the context.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for 'moratorium'. Spelling must be exact. Reject plural forms.

Paper 2 Part A Writing

Complete the short writing task (about 200 words) in an appropriate genre.
1 Question · 21 marks
Question 1 · writing
21 marks
You are Chris Wong, the President of the Environmental Club at Hong Kong Secondary School. You noticed a significant amount of single-use plastic waste being generated daily in the school canteen and during lunch hours. Write a proposal (about 200 words) to your School Principal, Mr. Lee, suggesting two concrete initiatives to reduce single-use plastic waste on campus.

In your proposal, you should:
- Explain the current plastic waste issue in the school.
- Propose two practical initiatives to address this problem.
- Discuss how these initiatives will benefit the school community.

Answer

To: Mr. Lee, Principal From: Chris Wong, President of the Environmental Club Date: 25 October 2024 Subject: Proposal to Reduce Single-use Plastic Waste on Campus Dear Principal Lee, I am writing to propose two urgent initiatives to tackle the mounting problem of single-use plastic waste on our campus. Currently, our school canteen generates over 500 disposable plastic lunchboxes and cutlery items daily, contributing significantly to environmental degradation. To address this, we first propose the 'Bring Your Own Container' (BYOC) scheme. The canteen will stop providing free disposable boxes, instead charging an extra $5 fee. Students who bring reusable containers will receive a $2 discount. This financial incentive will encourage students to form sustainable dining habits. Secondly, we suggest installing three 'Smart Water Dispensers' around the school. These dispensers will track the number of plastic bottles saved, turning hydration into an interactive, eco-friendly challenge. These initiatives will greatly benefit our school. Beyond reducing our waste footprint, they will foster a strong culture of environmental responsibility among students. Furthermore, aligning our school with green policies will enhance our reputation as a forward-thinking, sustainable institution. Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to discussing this proposal further. Yours sincerely, Chris Wong President of the Environmental Club

Worked solution

To: Mr. Lee, Principal
From: Chris Wong, President of the Environmental Club
Date: 25 October 2024
Subject: Proposal to Reduce Single-use Plastic Waste on Campus

Dear Principal Lee,

I am writing to propose two urgent initiatives to tackle the mounting problem of single-use plastic waste on our campus. Currently, our school canteen generates over 500 disposable plastic lunchboxes and cutlery items daily, contributing significantly to environmental degradation.

To address this, we first propose the 'Bring Your Own Container' (BYOC) scheme. The canteen will stop providing free disposable boxes, instead charging an extra $5 fee. Students who bring reusable containers will receive a $2 discount. This financial incentive will encourage students to form sustainable dining habits.

Secondly, we suggest installing three 'Smart Water Dispensers' around the school. These dispensers will track the number of plastic bottles saved, turning hydration into an interactive, eco-friendly challenge.

These initiatives will greatly benefit our school. Beyond reducing our waste footprint, they will foster a strong culture of environmental responsibility among students. Furthermore, aligning our school with green policies will enhance our reputation as a forward-thinking, sustainable institution.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to discussing this proposal further.

Yours sincerely,
Chris Wong
President of the Environmental Club

Marking scheme

The essay is assessed out of 21 marks based on three criteria (7 marks each):

1. Content (7 marks):
- Formulates a clear and urgent statement of the current plastic waste problem.
- Proposes two highly relevant and creative/practical green initiatives.
- Expresses clear, convincing benefits of these initiatives to the school community.
- Score 6-7: All prompts fully developed with creative, highly relevant details.
- Score 4-5: Clear proposals, mostly developed with adequate detail.
- Score 1-3: Brief or missing points, repetitive details.

2. Language (7 marks):
- Tone/Register: Formal, professional proposal register suitable for addressing a principal.
- Vocabulary: Precise terms like 'disposable', 'sustainable', 'financial incentive', 'environmental degradation'.
- Grammar & Sentence Structure: Wide range of structures with high accuracy. Minimal spelling errors.
- Score 6-7: Sophisticated vocabulary, near-faultless grammar, natural flow.
- Score 4-5: Good control of sentence patterns, clear expression, occasional minor errors.
- Score 1-3: Frequent grammatical errors that impede understanding; inappropriate informal tone.

3. Organization (7 marks):
- Structure: Must adhere to the formal proposal layout (To, From, Date, Subject, formal opening/closing).
- Cohesion: Effective use of transition signals (To address this, Secondly, Furthermore, Beyond).
- Paragraphing: Logical progression with clear division of ideas (Problem -> Initiative 1 -> Initiative 2 -> Benefits -> Call to action).
- Score 6-7: Exemplary layout, seamless cohesion, logical flow.
- Score 4-5: Good structure and paragraphing, clear connective links.
- Score 1-3: Disorganised paragraphs, missing key proposal layout elements.

Paper 2 Part B Writing

Choose one topic out of eight and write about 400 words.
1 Question · 21 marks
Question 1 · writing
21 marks
You are the President of the school's Environmental Protection Club. Recently, you noticed that many of your schoolmates frequently buy cheap, trendy clothes from online 'fast fashion' retailers, leading to high clothing turnover and waste.

Write an article for the school magazine. In your article, you should:
- explain how the rise of 'fast fashion' negatively affects the global environment;
- discuss the reasons why teenagers find fast fashion so appealing, despite its environmental costs; and
- suggest practical ways students can cultivate a more sustainable wardrobe.

Write your article. Give your article a catchy title.

Answer

Refer to the sample essay in the solution.

Worked solution

**Ditch the Trend, Save the Earth: Embracing Sustainable Fashion**

Walk through our school corridors during dress-casual days, and you will see a vibrant parade of the latest styles. From trendy cargo pants to aesthetic crop tops, our student body certainly knows how to dress. Yet, behind this colorful display lies a grim, dusty reality. Much of this clothing comes from ultra-fast fashion online giants, purchased for a few dollars and destined for landfills after just a few wears. As young consumers, we must confront the hidden cost of our closets.

The environmental footprint of fast fashion is staggering. First and foremost, the production process is incredibly resource-intensive. Producing a single cotton t-shirt requires approximately 2,700 liters of water—enough to sustain one person for three years. Furthermore, fast fashion relies heavily on synthetic fibers like polyester, which are derived from fossil fuels and shed millions of microplastics into our oceans with every wash. Because these clothes are manufactured cheaply, they degrade quickly, leading to a relentless cycle of disposal. Tons of discarded garments end up in landfills or are incinerated, releasing greenhouse gases that accelerate global climate change.

Why, then, do we continue to buy into this destructive cycle? For teenagers, the appeal is twofold: affordability and social validation. Surviving on limited pocket money, we are naturally drawn to budget-friendly price tags. Fast fashion brands make trendy designs accessible to everyone. More importantly, social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok fuel an 'outfit-repeating taboo.' Influencers showcase endless 'clothing hauls,' creating an illusion that wearing an outfit more than once is a social faux pas. In an age where self-worth is often measured in digital likes, the pressure to constantly update our wardrobe is immense.

However, style should not cost the Earth. We can easily transition to a sustainable wardrobe without sacrificing our individuality. First, we must adopt the '30-wear rule'—before purchasing any item, ask yourself if you will wear it at least thirty times. If the answer is no, leave it. Second, we can organize clothing swaps within our school or local community. Swapping clothes with friends is a fun, cost-free way to refresh our styles while giving pre-loved garments a second life. Lastly, we should explore second-hand shopping. Vintage and thrift stores offer unique, high-quality pieces that ensure you stand out from the crowd while reducing demand for new manufacturing.

Our fashion choices are a direct reflection of our values. It is time to break up with fast fashion. Let us choose quality over quantity, creativity over consumerism, and protect the only planet we have.

Marking scheme

The essay is assessed based on three criteria: Content (7 marks), Language (7 marks), and Organization (7 marks).

1. Content (7 Marks):
- 7 (Outstanding): All parts of the prompt are fully and insightfully addressed. Demonstrates deep understanding of fast fashion's environmental impact (resource consumption, microplastics, waste). Articulates mature analysis of teen psychology (peer pressure, social media, affordability). Suggests highly practical and innovative sustainable actions (e.g., 30-wear rule, clothes swap, thrifting). Tone is highly persuasive, engaging, and appropriate for a school magazine.
- 5-6 (Good): All prompts are addressed. Relevant examples are provided. Clear discussion of environmental issues, reasons for teen attraction, and practical alternatives. Tone is appropriate.
- 3-4 (Satisfactory): Addresses most prompts but description might be superficial or repetitive. Ideas are general.
- 1-2 (Weak): Barely addresses the prompt, major misunderstandings, or extremely short.

2. Language (7 Marks):
- 7 (Outstanding): Wide range of vocabulary used accurately and naturally (e.g., staggering, fossil fuels, microplastics, social validation, consumerism). Variety of sentence structures used effectively. Extremely rare grammatical errors. Tone and style perfectly suited for a persuasive magazine article.
- 5-6 (Good): Good range of vocabulary and structures. Generally accurate with minor errors that do not impede communication.
- 3-4 (Satisfactory): Simple vocabulary and structures used. Common grammatical errors but meaning remains clear.
- 1-2 (Weak): Frequent grammatical errors that impede understanding. Extremely limited vocabulary.

3. Organization (7 Marks):
- 7 (Outstanding): Impeccable structure with a catchy title, introduction, body paragraphs addressing each prompt logically, and a strong conclusion. Transitions between paragraphs are seamless and cohesive devices are used skillfully.
- 5-6 (Good): Well-structured with clear paragraphs. Cohesive devices are used appropriately to link ideas.
- 3-4 (Satisfactory): Paragraphing is present but logical flow may be weak at times. Relies heavily on mechanical transition words (e.g., Firstly, Secondly, In addition).
- 1-2 (Weak): Lacks clear structure or paragraphing. Ideas are chaotic and hard to follow.

Paper 3 Part A Listening

Listen to the recording and complete Tasks 1 to 4.
4 Question · 53 marks
Question 1 · Note-taking and Gap Fill
13.25 marks
### Task 1: Profile of Dr. Evelyn Thorne\n\nComplete Dr. Thorne's profile by filling in the blanks below using information from the listening recording.\n\n* **Year of first deep-sea dive:** [ (1) ]\n* **Name of her submarine:** [ (2) ]\n* **Greatest depth reached:** [ (3) ] meters\n* **Main discovery:** A new species of [ (4) ]\n* **Key quality of a successful explorer according to Dr. Thorne:** [ (5) ]

Answer

1. 2008\n2. Abyss Rover\n3. 10,920\n4. bioluminescent jellyfish\n5. resilience

Worked solution

Based on the recording, Dr. Evelyn Thorne completed her first deep-sea dive in 2008. The submarine she designed and used is called the 'Abyss Rover'. She reached a record depth of 10,920 meters. During her dive, she discovered a new species of bioluminescent jellyfish. She emphasized that 'resilience' is the key quality for any successful explorer.

Marking scheme

Each correct gap-fill answer is awarded 2.65 marks (Total: 5 gaps * 2.65 = 13.25 marks).\n\n1. Accept '2008' (2.65 marks). Reject '2008s', '2008 years'.\n2. Accept 'Abyss Rover' / 'abyss rover' (2.65 marks). Spelling must be accurate. Reject 'Abys Rover'.\n3. Accept '10,920' / '10920' (2.65 marks). Reject other numbers.\n4. Accept 'bioluminescent jellyfish' (2.65 marks). Accept 'glowing jellyfish'. Reject 'jelly fish'.\n5. Accept 'resilience' / 'persistence' (2.65 marks). Reject 'resilient'.
Question 2 · Note-taking and Gap Fill
13.25 marks
### Task 2: Digital Footprints Seminar Notes\n\nComplete the seminar notes on digital footprints using information from the podcast.\n\n* **Definition:** A unique trail of data left by users [ (1) ]\n* **Passive Footprints:** Data collected [ (2) ] without the user's active knowledge (e.g. browsing history)\n* **Primary Concern:** Data can be sold to [ (3) ] for targeted marketing\n* **Protection Measure 1:** Regularly clear [ (4) ] and search history\n* **Protection Measure 2:** Disable [ (5) ] tracking on mobile apps

Answer

1. online / on the internet\n2. automatically / behind the scenes\n3. third-party advertisers\n4. cookies\n5. location

Worked solution

According to the speaker, a digital footprint is a trail of data left by users online. Passive footprints occur when data is collected automatically without active knowledge. This data is often sold to third-party advertisers. Users can protect their privacy by clearing cookies and disabling location tracking.

Marking scheme

Each gap is worth 2.65 marks (Total: 5 gaps * 2.65 = 13.25 marks).\n\n1. Accept 'online' or 'on the internet'.\n2. Accept 'automatically' or 'behind the scenes'.\n3. Accept 'third-party advertisers' or 'advertisers'.\n4. Accept 'cookies'. Reject 'cooky'.\n5. Accept 'location' / 'GPS'. Reject 'locate'.
Question 3 · Note-taking and Gap Fill
13.25 marks
### Task 3: Marine Sanctuary Initiative\n\nComplete the notes below on the marine sanctuary project based on the radio broadcast.\n\n* **Sanctuary Location:** Off the coast of [ (1) ]\n* **Main Animal Protected:** The endangered [ (2) ] turtle\n* **Threat addressed:** Destruction of nesting beaches due to [ (3) ]\n* **Community Program:** Hiring locals as beach [ (4) ]\n* **Funding provided by:** A local eco-tourism [ (5) ]

Answer

1. Borneo\n2. green sea\n3. coastal development\n4. patrols / wardens\n5. cooperative

Worked solution

The radio broadcast describes a sanctuary off the coast of Borneo to protect the endangered green sea turtle. The primary threat is coastal development ruining nesting beaches. The project involves hiring local residents for beach patrols, funded by an eco-tourism cooperative.

Marking scheme

Each gap is worth 2.65 marks (Total: 13.25 marks).\n\n1. Accept 'Borneo' (must be capitalized). Reject 'borneo'.\n2. Accept 'green sea' / 'green'. Reject 'sea' alone.\n3. Accept 'coastal development' / 'construction'. Reject 'pollution'.\n4. Accept 'patrols' / 'wardens' / 'guards'.\n5. Accept 'cooperative' / 'co-op' / 'association'.
Question 4 · Note-taking and Gap Fill
13.25 marks
### Task 4: Green Careers Seminar Notes\n\nComplete the notes below on careers in sustainability using the speaker's presentation.\n\n* **Fastest-growing sector:** [ (1) ] energy installation\n* **Role of a Sustainability Officer:** To reduce a company's [ (2) ] footprint\n* **Key technical skill required:** [ (3) ] analysis\n* **Alternative career path:** Environmental [ (4) ] law\n* **Recommended next step for graduates:** Apply for [ (5) ] programs

Answer

1. solar\n2. carbon\n3. data\n4. protection\n5. internship

Worked solution

The speaker explains that solar energy installation is the fastest-growing sector. Sustainability officers focus on reducing the company's carbon footprint. Data analysis is the key technical skill, while environmental protection law is an alternative path. Graduates are encouraged to apply for internship programs.

Marking scheme

Each gap is worth 2.65 marks (Total: 13.25 marks).\n\n1. Accept 'solar' / 'renewable'. Reject 'wind'.\n2. Accept 'carbon' / 'ecological'. Reject 'environmental'.\n3. Accept 'data' / 'quantitative'.\n4. Accept 'protection' / 'regulation'.\n5. Accept 'internship' / 'apprentice' / 'graduate'.

Paper 3 Part B2 Integrated Skills

Read the Data File and complete Tasks 8, 9, and 10.
3 Question · 52.980000000000004 marks
Question 1 · Synthesised Writing Task
17.66 marks
Task 8: Write an email to Ms. Janice Lee, Director of SafeNet HK, proposing a collaborative youth online safety campaign. Refer to the data sources (Minutes of CyberYouth Meeting, SafeNet Campaign Guidelines, and Youth Cyber Habits Survey). You must: 1. Explain why CyberYouth HK wants to partner with SafeNet HK. 2. Outline two proposed campaign activities (including a workshop and a social media challenge). 3. Propose tentative dates and explain how the budget will be shared.

Answer

An email proposing a collaborative youth online safety campaign with SafeNet HK.

Worked solution

Subject: Proposal for Collaborative Youth Online Safety Campaign in August\n\nDear Ms. Lee,\n\nI am writing on behalf of CyberYouth HK to formally propose a collaborative online safety campaign targeting local teenagers this coming August. CyberYouth HK has extensive experience in mobilizing youth networks, while SafeNet HK is renowned for its professional technical expertise in cybersecurity. Combining our resources will ensure a highly impactful campaign.\n\nBased on our recent youth survey, which revealed that 80% of teenagers routinely share their locations and 60% do not use two-factor authentication (2FA), we propose two main activities:\n1. Cybersecurity Interactive Workshop: A hands-on seminar guiding students on how to secure their social media accounts and spot phishing scams.\n2. 'Secure My Profile' Social Media Challenge: A peer-led online challenge encouraging youths to share screenshots of their updated privacy settings using our designated campaign hashtag.\n\nWe suggest hosting these activities from August 15th to August 22nd. Regarding financial arrangements, we propose a 50-50 cost-sharing model for venue booking and material printing, which aligns with SafeNet HK's partnership guidelines.\n\nThank you for considering our proposal. I look forward to your positive response.\n\nYours sincerely,\n\nChris Wong\nProject Officer, CyberYouth HK

Marking scheme

Marking Scheme (Total: 17.66 marks scaled from 18 raw marks):\n- Content (9 marks):\n - Partnering rationale (2 marks): CyberYouth's mobilization reach + SafeNet's professional expertise.\n - Proposed activities (4 marks): Interactive Workshop (focusing on account security/phishing) + Social Media Challenge (focusing on privacy settings/hashtag).\n - Logistics & Budget (3 marks): Specific dates in August + 50-50 budget-sharing proposal in line with guidelines.\n- Language (5 marks): Formal business register, precise vocabulary, and grammatical accuracy.\n- Coherence and Organization (4 marks): Well-structured email with clear opening, logical paragraphs, and formal closing.
Question 2 · Synthesised Writing Task
17.66 marks
Task 9: Write a formal proposal to the HK Youth Development Board requesting funding for the 'Digital Well-being Week'. Refer to the data sources (Email from Executive Board, Youth Interview Transcripts, and Survey on Screen-time). You must: 1. State the three main objectives of the campaign. 2. Describe two key activities ('Offline 24-Hour Challenge' and 'Digital Detoxing Seminar') and justify how they address teenagers' problems of screen-time addiction and sleep deprivation. 3. Define the success metrics and evaluation methods.

Answer

A formal proposal requesting funding for the 'Digital Well-being Week'.

Worked solution

Proposal for Funding: 'Digital Well-being Week' Campaign\n\n1. Introduction and Objectives\nThis proposal seeks financial support from the HK Youth Development Board to launch the 'Digital Well-being Week'. The campaign objectives are:\n- To raise awareness among secondary school students regarding digital addiction.\n- To cultivate healthy screen-time habits and restore face-to-face social connections.\n- To educate youth on the long-term mental and physical impacts of excessive technology usage.\n\n2. Proposed Activities and Justifications\nTo address critical issues highlighted in our research—specifically, that average screen time has reached 6.5 hours daily, causing widespread sleep deprivation—we propose the following activities:\n- Offline 24-Hour Challenge: Participants pledge to switch off all digital devices for 24 hours. This directly targets screen dependency, encouraging students to experience offline leisure and real-life peer interactions.\n- Digital Detoxing Seminar: Conducted by psychologists, this seminar will educate students on screen-induced sleep disturbances, offering practical strategies to establish gadget-free bedroom zones.\n\n3. Success Metrics and Evaluation\nTo ensure accountability, success will be evaluated through:\n- Quantitative Metrics: A target participation rate of at least 1,500 students across 10 pilot schools.\n- Qualitative Feedback: Pre- and post-campaign surveys tracking improvements in sleep duration and self-reported digital control.\n\nWe request a grant of $50,000 to cover campaign materials and guest speaker fees.

Marking scheme

Marking Scheme (Total: 17.66 marks scaled from 18 raw marks):\n- Content (9 marks):\n - Three Objectives (3 marks): Raising awareness of addiction, cultivating face-to-face interaction, and education on physical/mental health.\n - Two Activities & Justifications (4 marks): 'Offline 24-Hour Challenge' (combats screen-time, promotes offline life); 'Digital Detoxing Seminar' (addresses screen-induced sleep issues with expert advice).\n - Evaluation Metrics (2 marks): Quantitative target (e.g., 1,500 students) + Qualitative pre/post survey comparison.\n- Language (5 marks): Academic and professional vocabulary, sophisticated passive constructions, and precise tone appropriate for a funding board.\n- Coherence and Organization (4 marks): Clear section headings, bulleted lists for readability, and cohesive transitions between sections.
Question 3 · Synthesised Writing Task
17.66 marks
Task 10: Write a feature article for the quarterly newsletter 'Tech-Connect' titled 'Navigating the Metaverse: Opportunities and Risks for Today\'s Youth'. Refer to the data sources (Podcast transcript with Dr. Alan Tam and the Metaverse Security Infographic). You must: 1. Define the Metaverse in simple terms. 2. Discuss two educational opportunities of the Metaverse. 3. Explain two security and personal risks. 4. Provide two practical security recommendations for teen users.

Answer

A feature article about the opportunities and risks of the Metaverse for youth.

Worked solution

Navigating the Metaverse: Opportunities and Risks for Today's Youth\n\nBy Chris Wong\n\nThe 'Metaverse' has fast become the buzziest word in technology. Simply put, the Metaverse is a highly immersive, shared virtual space where people can interact, learn, and play in 3D using digital avatars. As our education and social lives move increasingly online, understanding this digital frontier is essential for today's teenagers.\n\nEducational Opportunities\nFar from being just a playground for gamers, the Metaverse presents substantial educational benefits:\n- Immersive Experiential Learning: Students can explore historical sites or walk through virtual biology labs, making abstract textbook concepts tangible.\n- Borderless Collaborative Classrooms: It breaks geographical barriers, allowing local students to collaborate with international peers on interactive group projects in real-time.\n\nPotential Risks\nHowever, navigating this virtual world is not without hazards:\n- Security Threats and Virtual Scams: Cybercriminals leverage the lack of central regulation to execute financial scams involving fake virtual assets and skins.\n- Privacy Violations and Cyber-Grooming: Bad actors can easily use deceptive avatars to gain the trust of teenagers, leading to privacy breaches or physical security threats.\n\nTips for Safe Navigation\nTo stay secure, remember these two critical practices:\n1. Shield Your Real Identity: Create avatars that do not display personal photos, and never use your real name or school information in public channels.\n2. Verify Marketplace Transactions: Only purchase virtual assets through officially recognized platforms. Avoid third-party external links promising cheap upgrades.\n\nBy balancing curiosity with caution, youth can safely enjoy everything this technological shift has to offer.

Marking scheme

Marking Scheme (Total: 17.66 marks scaled from 18 raw marks):\n- Content (9 marks):\n - Definition (1 mark): Simple explanation of the Metaverse as an immersive 3D shared virtual space.\n - Two Educational Opportunities (4 marks): Immersive experiential learning (virtual labs/sites) + Borderless collaboration.\n - Two Risks (2 marks): Financial scams involving fake digital assets + Identity/privacy risks (grooming via deceptive avatars).\n - Two Security Recommendations (2 marks): Anonymizing identity (no real photos/names) + Verification of transaction links.\n- Language (5 marks): Engaging feature article style, clear explanations, and precise technical vocabulary.\n- Coherence and Organisation (4 marks): Appealing title, clear introductory paragraph, logically separated sub-sections with subheadings.

Paper 4 Group Interaction & Individual Response

Participate in an 8-minute group discussion followed by a 1-minute individual response.
2 Question · 28 marks
Question 1 · Oral Assessment
14 marks
Part 1: Group Discussion (8 minutes)
Your school's IT Club is planning a campaign called "Clean Up Your Digital Footprint" to raise awareness about online reputation and privacy among students. You are a member of the organizing committee. Discuss with your group:
1. Why teenagers need to be concerned about their digital footprints.
2. What activities or workshops the club can organize to educate students.
3. How to encourage students to actively review and clean up their social media profiles.

Part 2: Individual Response (1 minute)
Candidate will be asked one of the following questions:
- Do you think employers and universities should check applicants' social media accounts? Why or why not?
- What is the most common mistake teenagers make online?

Answer

N/A

Worked solution

Candidates should address all three discussion prompts with relevant, realistic ideas and respond coherently to the individual response question.

Suggested points for Group Discussion:
1. Why teenagers need to be concerned:
- Future prospects: Admissions officers and future employers increasingly screen social media profiles.
- Safety risks: Oversharing personal information makes teens vulnerable to cyberbullying, stalking, or identity theft.
- Permancy: Online content can be archived or screenshotted, remaining accessible even after being deleted.

2. Activities or workshops:
- 'Google Yourself' interactive workshop: Students search their own names to see what is public and learn how to manage privacy settings.
- Case study sharing: Real-life stories of people facing consequences for inappropriate posts.
- Live demonstration: Showing how easily hackers can exploit poorly secured social media accounts.

3. How to encourage students:
- Gamification: A 'Digital Footprint Detox' challenge with prizes for students who successfully audit and clean their profiles.
- Peer mentoring: IT Club members offering one-on-one sessions during lunch breaks to help peers configure privacy settings.
- Creative media: Short videos or student-designed memes highlighting the contrast between public and private online identities.

Suggested points for Individual Response:
- Question 1 (Checking social media): Candidates could argue that it is a fair reflection of character and professionalism, or conversely, that it violates personal privacy and doesn't represent one's professional ability.
- Question 2 (Most common mistake): Common answers include oversharing emotional rants, posting unverified information, or neglecting security settings out of convenience.

Marking scheme

Assessment Criteria (Total: 14 marks)
1. Pronunciation & Delivery (3 marks):
- Clear pronunciation, natural intonation, and appropriate pacing.
- Good eye contact and body language.
2. Communication Strategies (3 marks):
- Active listening, turn-taking, and building on others' ideas.
- Initiating and keeping the conversation flowing smoothly.
3. Vocabulary & Language Patterns (4 marks):
- Accurate and appropriate use of vocabulary related to technology and privacy (e.g., 'digital footprint', 'privacy breach', 'data harvesting', 'oversharing').
- Correct grammar and sentence structures.
4. Ideas & Organization (4 marks):
- Providing relevant, well-developed, and original ideas.
- Structure and logical flow in both group discussion and individual response.
Question 2 · Oral Assessment
14 marks
Part 1: Group Discussion (8 minutes)
The Environmental Protection Department has recently proposed a "Zero-Waste Campus Challenge" for secondary schools in Hong Kong. Your Student Association wants to pitch a comprehensive plan to the school management to join this scheme. Discuss with your group:
1. What challenges secondary schools might face when trying to achieve "zero-waste".
2. Practical initiatives that can be implemented in the school canteen and classrooms to reduce waste.
3. How to motivate students and teachers to sustain these eco-friendly habits in the long run.

Part 2: Individual Response (1 minute)
Candidate will be asked one of the following questions:
- Should schools penalize students who do not recycle properly? Why or why not?
- Do you think individual efforts are enough to solve Hong Kong's waste problem?

Answer

N/A

Worked solution

Candidates should address all three discussion prompts with relevant, realistic ideas and respond coherently to the individual response question.

Suggested points for Group Discussion:
1. Challenges in achieving 'zero-waste':
- Convenience culture: Students and staff are accustomed to single-use plastics and disposable packaging.
- Facilities limitations: Lack of space for multiple recycling bins or organic composters on school grounds.
- Cost: Eco-friendly alternatives (e.g., biodegradable containers, reusable utensils) may be more expensive.

2. Practical initiatives in canteen and classrooms:
- School canteen: Ban single-use plastics; implement a discount system for students who bring their own lunchboxes and utensils (BYO); establish a food waste weighing station.
- Classrooms: Introduce specialized recycling bins (paper, plastics, metals, e-waste) instead of single generic wastebaskets; encourage digital submission of assignments to save paper.

3. How to motivate students and teachers:
- Inter-class competitions: Create a leaderboard for classes with the highest recycling rates or lowest waste generation, with attractive rewards.
- Green Ambassadors: Appoint student representatives to monitor and promote green practices, fostering peer influence.
- Integration with curriculum: Connect waste audits with Science or Geography classes to show direct environmental impact.

Suggested points for Individual Response:
- Question 1 (Penalties): Candidates can support penalties (e.g., campus service) to enforce accountability, or oppose them by arguing that positive reinforcement and education are more effective for behavioral change.
- Question 2 (Individual efforts): Candidates can argue that individual habits are the foundation of any solution, but must emphasize that government policies (like municipal solid waste charging) and producer responsibility are equally necessary for systemic change.

Marking scheme

Assessment Criteria (Total: 14 marks)
1. Pronunciation & Delivery (3 marks):
- Clear pronunciation, natural intonation, and appropriate pacing.
- Empathetic and professional tone suitable for school planning.
2. Communication Strategies (3 marks):
- Effective turn-taking and active listening.
- Ability to synthesize arguments and guide the group toward a consensus.
3. Vocabulary & Language Patterns (4 marks):
- Precise vocabulary relating to environment and sustainability (e.g., 'zero-waste', 'single-use plastics', 'biodegradable', 'incentivize', 'positive reinforcement').
- Diverse and accurate grammatical structures.
4. Ideas & Organization (4 marks):
- Generating logical, practical, and highly relevant proposals.
- Clear progression of ideas during the discussion and individual response.