5.1 Voting Rights and Models of Voting Behavior：練習問題

• a.A high level of voter turnout that results in no change to the party currently in power.
• b.A major shift in the coalitions that make up the national parties, leading to a lasting change in the party system.
• c.The emergence of a strong third-party candidate who wins several electoral votes but no states.
• d.A period where voters increasingly identify as independents rather than partisans, known as dealignment.

• a.The House of Representatives determines the winner in the event of a tie, and they traditionally favor candidates who campaigned in those specific states.
• b.Federal law mandates that campaign advertising funds be distributed based on the number of registered independent voters in a state.
• c.Constitutional amendments require candidates to visit at least thirty different states during the general election campaign.
• d.The winner-take-all system in most states makes it more efficient to focus resources on states where the popular vote margin is narrow.

• a.Voting for candidates of the same party for multiple offices in the same election.
• b.Voting based on what is perceived to be in the citizen's individual interest.
• c.Voting to decide whether the party or candidate in power should be re-elected based on the recent past.
• d.Voting based on predictions of how a party or candidate will perform in the future.

• a.Major news networks decide to focus extensively on a specific healthcare crisis, leading the public to view it as a top policy priority.
• b.A journalist writes an investigative piece uncovering corruption in a local government office to hold officials accountable.
• c.A talk radio host provides a platform for various candidates to debate the merits of a proposed tax cut.
• d.A newspaper publishes an editorial endorsing a specific candidate for the presidency based on their environmental record.

• a.Issue networks are formally recognized by the Constitution, whereas iron triangles are informal arrangements.
• b.Issue networks are generally more temporary and include a wider range of actors, such as academics and media, compared to iron triangles.
• c.Iron triangles focus exclusively on foreign policy, while issue networks focus on domestic economic issues.
• d.Iron triangles are composed of the President, the Chief Justice, and the Speaker of the House to ensure policy stability.

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