Approaches in Psychology：練習問題

In the behaviourist approach, which of the following terms describes a consequence that increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated by removing an unpleasant stimulus?

According to the social learning theory, there are four mediational processes that determine whether a new response is acquired. Which of the following correctly identifies these processes in the typical sequence of occurrence?

According to the biological approach, two identical twins share the same genotype (\( 100% \) genetic similarity) but can have different phenotypes. Which of the following best explains this statement?

Which of the following best describes the concept of vicarious reinforcement within Social Learning Theory (SLT)?

A researcher is studying the cognitive approach and wants to use a theoretical model to explain mental processes. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of using these models in cognitive psychology?

Explain how mediational processes differentiate social learning theory from the behaviourist approach in explaining human behaviour.

In the context of Social Learning Theory, explain the following four mediational processes identified by Bandura:

i) Attention
ii) Retention
iii) Motor reproduction
iv) Motivation

A group of researchers is investigating why some children display higher levels of aggressive behavior on the playground than others.

(a) Briefly explain how the social learning theory approach would account for the development of aggressive behavior in children. In your answer, refer to the role of vicarious reinforcement and at least one mediational process. (3 marks)

(b) Outline how the biological approach would explain this same behavior, making reference to either neurochemistry or the genetic basis of behavior. (2 marks)

(c) Discuss one major difference between the cognitive approach and the behaviourist approach in terms of how they study human behavior. (3 marks)