Tectonic processes and landforms：練習問題

• a.

  Salt crystal growth

• b.

  Exfoliation

• c.

  Hydration

• d.

  Hydrolysis

• a.The physical expansion of minerals, such as anhydrite converting to gypsum, as they absorb water into their crystal structure.
• b.The reaction of minerals with hydrogen ions in acidified water to form new clay minerals.
• c.The peeling of rock layers due to significant diurnal temperature ranges in arid environments.
• d.The breakdown of minerals by the addition of dissolved \( CO_2 \) in rainwater.

• a.It transforms the carbonation process into physical freeze-thaw weathering by trapping water.
• b.It prevents chemical reactions by allowing water to flow through the rock too quickly to react.
• c.It facilitates deeper weathering by providing pathways for weak carbonic acid to penetrate the rock.
• d.It reduces the rate of weathering by creating a smooth surface that water cannot grip.

• a.Hydration occurs only in arid climates, whereas hydrolysis requires consistent sub-zero temperatures.
• b.Hydrolysis only occurs in granite, while hydration is specific to limestone environments.
• c.Hydration is a form of physical weathering, while hydrolysis is a form of biological weathering.
• d.Hydrolysis involves a chemical reaction with H+ or OH- ions, while hydration involves the physical absorption of water into a mineral's structure.

• a.Carbonation is accelerated because water is prevented from running off the surface.
• b.The rock layers are more susceptible to freeze-thaw weathering due to their orientation.
• c.The bedding planes act as potential failure surfaces for translational slides.
• d.The joints are usually vertical, which prevents the infiltration of lubricating water.

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まず自分で答えを書いてから、解説と照らし合わせましょう。