An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry：練習問題

Which of the following terms correctly describes a compound that is made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms only?

Ethene, \(C_{2}H_{4}\), is a planar molecule. Which statement correctly describes the bonding and hybridization of the carbon atoms in ethene?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the bonding in a molecule of ethyne, \(C_{2}H_{2}\)?

Which statement correctly defines a free radical?

An organic compound is found to have the molecular formula \(C_{4}H_{8}O_{2}\). When treated with sodium carbonate, it produces bubbles of a gas. How many structural isomers of this compound are carboxylic acids?

State what is represented by a curly arrow in an organic reaction mechanism.

State the hybridisation of the two non-ring carbon atoms in prop-1-ene: the carbon atom in the methyl group (\(-CH_3\)) and the carbon atom in the \(=CH_2\) group.

A molecule of 2-bromobutane is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide. Identify the mechanism of this reaction and explain if the product will show optical activity if a single enantiomer of 2-bromobutane is used.

Consider the organic compound with the structural formula \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH(OH)CH}_3\).

(a) State the systematic IUPAC name for this compound.
(b) Classify this alcohol as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
(c) State the type of stereoisomerism exhibited by this compound and explain why it occurs in this molecule.

An organic compound P contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The mass spectrum of P shows a molecular ion peak, \(M^{+}\), at \(m/e = 74\). In its infrared spectrum, a strong absorption is seen at approximately \(1720 \text{ cm}^{-1}\) and a broad absorption is absent in the \(3200\text{--}3600 \text{ cm}^{-1}\) range.

(a) Use the \(m/e\) value to deduce the molecular formula of P.
(b) Identify the functional group present in P based on the IR data.
(c) Draw the displayed formulas and provide the systematic names for the two possible structural isomers of P that are functional group isomers of each other.