Y203 The Crusades and the Crusader States 1095-1192：練習問題

• a.Ongoing rivalries and diplomatic friction led to Philip's early departure from the Levant after the fall of Acre.
• b.Richard's decision to support Philip's claim to the throne of Jerusalem ended the civil war in the kingdom.
• c.Their perfect cooperation allowed them to capture Cairo and eliminate the Ayyubid base of power.
• d.Their joint refusal to negotiate with Saladin led to the total destruction of the Muslim forces at Jaffa.

• a.

  It caused Saladin to immediately surrender Jerusalem, fearing the wrath of Frederick's successor.

• b.

  It led to the disintegration of the massive German army, depriving the Crusade of its largest force and leaving the remaining effort to the French and English kings.

• c.

  It led to the permanent annexation of the Byzantine Empire by the surviving German knights.

• d.

  It triggered an immediate civil war in England between Richard I and his brother John, forcing the Crusade to end early.

• a.

  To act as the primary diplomatic liaisons between the Byzantine Emperor and the Kings of Jerusalem in matters of naval defense.

• b.

  To replace the feudal levy entirely and ensure that the secular nobility no longer held any military authority in Outremer.

• c.

  To provide a permanent, professional standing army capable of garrisoning frontier castles and protecting pilgrim routes due to a chronic lack of manpower.

• d.

  To centralize all financial revenue from the Crusader States into a single papal treasury to fund the reclamation of Edessa.

• a.It caused the military orders of the Templars and Hospitallers to dissolve due to a lack of royal funding.
• b.It resulted in the immediate surrender of Jerusalem to the forces of Zengi.
• c.It led to a power struggle and succession dispute between his daughter Melisende and her husband Fulk of Anjou.
• d.It prompted the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I to reclaim Antioch through a military coup.

• a.A simultaneous uprising by the city's Catholic population that opened the main gates from within.
• b.The secret negotiations between Bohemond of Taranto and a disgruntled tower guard named Firouz, who allowed the Crusaders to scale the walls.
• c.A massive breach created by Byzantine heavy artillery provided by Alexius I.
• d.The total starvation of the garrison following a successful blockade of the Orontes River.

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