Possible Effects of Climate Change：練習問題

According to the syllabus, which of the following is a primary reason for the uncertainty associated with projections of future climate change impacts?

Projections regarding the impact of climate change on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are often limited by significant scientific uncertainty. According to the syllabus, what is a primary source of this uncertainty?

According to the syllabus, why is there significant uncertainty regarding the exact magnitude of future global temperature projections?

In the study of climate change, why are the predicted impacts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems described as geographically varied rather than uniform?

According to the H2 Geography syllabus, identify the two specific categories of ecosystems that are directly impacted by changes in temperature and precipitation resulting from climate change.

The syllabus categorizes human responses to climate change as either mitigation or adaptation. Explain the functional difference between mitigation and adaptation in the context of managing climate change impacts.

The picture below illustrates the mechanism of the enhanced greenhouse effect, a key driver of contemporary climate change.
(a) Based on the diagram, describe what happens to outgoing long-wave radiation when it interacts with increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
(b) Scientists study past climate variability during the Quaternary period using proxy indicators. Name two specific types of physical cores from which these indicators are extracted.

(a) With reference to the scientific uncertainty in climate modeling, explain how a lack of physical understanding and incomplete in-situ data for regions such as the oceans and poles hinder the ability of scientists to project specific impacts on aquatic ecosystems.

(b) Assessing risk involves the relationship \( \text{Risk} = \text{Probability of occurrence} \times \text{Loss created} \). Discuss how the "uncertainty of future emission projections" creates conflict for states and firms when evaluating the economic and political trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation strategies.