Chemistry (9813)
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GCE A-Level - Higher 3 (H3) の学習者向けの無料Chemistry (9813)学習ノート。各章のリンクから、要点・例題・練習問題への導線にアクセスできます。
Basic Principles of Spectroscopy
Electromagnetic spectrum
Quantisation of energy
Energy level transitions
Molecular Stereochemistry
Stereochemical projection (including Newman projections)
Conformational isomerism: energy barriers to rotation and interconversion
Cis-trans isomerism, including E, Z nomenclature
Enantiomerism and diastereomerism: R, S configuration, optical activity and optical purity
Stereoisomerism in transition element complexes: cis-trans and enantiomerism in square planar and octahedral complexes
Ultraviolet/visible Spectroscopy
Chromophores
Molar absorptivity and the Beer–Lambert law
Spectroscopic Techniques
Basic Principles of Spectroscopy: molecular orbital theory, the electromagnetic spectrum, quantisation of energy, energy level transitions
Ultraviolet/visible Spectroscopy: electronic transitions, chromophores, molar absorptivity and the Beer-Lambert law
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: molecular vibrations and characteristic IR absorptions
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: nuclear spin, chemical shift, peak area and proton counting, spin-spin splitting
Mass Spectrometry: ionisation, fragmentation and interpretation of spectra
Further Organic Mechanisms
The Hammond postulate: relationship between the transition state and the nearest stable species
Nucleophilic substitution mechanism: nature of nucleophiles and leaving group, SN1, SN2
Nucleophilic substitution kinetics: energy profile, rate law, orders of reaction, rate constants, stereochemistry, substituent effects
Competition between SN1 and SN2
Elimination mechanism: syn- and anti-elimination, stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, E1, E2
Elimination kinetics: energy profile, rate law, regioselectivity
E2/SN2 competition: substrate effects, base effects
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
Characteristic IR absorptions
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
Chemical shift: δ scale, internal reference, electronegativity effects, anisotropic effects, hydrogen bonding
Calculation of peak area and proton counting
Spin-spin splitting
Mass Spectrometry
Interpretation of spectra: molecular ion peak, isotopic abundance, fragment ions
Basic Physical Organic Chemistry
Nucleophilic Substitution
Elimination
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