Influenza and Pneumococcal Disease：練習問題

Which of the following serves as a sink during the translocation process in a mature plant?

A patient is diagnosed with pneumococcal disease. Which of the following sets of signs and symptoms is the doctor most likely to observe in this patient?

Why does the misuse of antibiotics, such as not completing a prescribed course, lead to an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations?

How do vaccines help prevent infectious diseases like influenza?

In a translocation study, a ring of bark (including the phloem) is removed from a stem. Which of the following observations is most likely to occur over time?

List two common signs or symptoms associated with an infection by the influenza virus.

State the name of the pathogen that causes pneumococcal disease and list two common symptoms of this condition.

Describe the specific role of white blood cells in the human body following the administration of a vaccine.

(a) Identify the pathogen that causes influenza.
(b) List two common signs or symptoms of a pneumococcal infection.
(c) Suggest one method to reduce the transmission of the influenza virus in a crowded school environment.

Influenza and pneumococcal disease are respiratory infections that share similar modes of transmission but differ significantly in their causative agents and medical treatments.

(a) Describe two structural differences between the Pneumococcus bacterium and the influenza virus. [2]

(b) Explain how droplet transmission occurs and why regular handwashing with soap is an effective method to reduce the spread of these pathogens. [2]

(c) Describe the biological mechanism by which a vaccine stimulates the immune system to protect against future infections. [2]

(d) Explain why the misuse of antibiotics is ineffective against influenza and how it leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. [2]