Weather and Climate：練習問題

• a.

  Anemometer

• b.

  Rain gauge

• c.

  Thermometer

• d.

  Barometer

• a.

  The Coriolis force is significantly stronger at higher altitudes, dispersing all trapped heat energy.

• b.

  Higher altitudes have a much higher surface albedo that reflects almost all terrestrial radiation back to space.

• c.

  Air at higher altitudes is less dense and absorbs less longwave radiation emitted from the Earth's surface.

• d.

  Air at higher altitudes receives significantly less direct shortwave solar radiation from the Sun.

• a.

  Winds originate in the Northern Hemisphere and are deflected to the left by the Coriolis force as they move towards the low-pressure region over Australia.

• b.

  Winds originate from the Southern Hemisphere as Southeast Trade Winds and are deflected to the right by the Coriolis force upon crossing the Equator, becoming southwesterly winds.

• c.

  Winds originate from the Southern Hemisphere as Southwest Trade Winds and are deflected to the left by the Coriolis force upon crossing the Equator, becoming southeasterly winds.

• d.

  Winds blow directly northwards from high pressure in the Southern Hemisphere and are accelerated straight ahead by higher sea surface temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere.

• a.

  The sea heats up faster than the land, creating a low-pressure area over the sea that draws cooler air from the land.

• b.

  The sea cools down faster than the land, creating a high-pressure area over the sea that pushes air toward the land.

• c.

  The land cools down faster than the sea, creating a high-pressure area over land that pushes air out toward the sea.

• d.

  The land heats up faster than the sea, creating a low-pressure area over land that draws cooler air in from the sea.

• a.

  High mean annual temperatures, a small annual temperature range of less than \(3^\circ\text{C}\), and high rainfall throughout the year.

• b.

  High mean annual temperatures, a distinct dry season lasting over six months, and a large annual temperature range exceeding \(15^\circ\text{C}\).

• c.

  High diurnal temperature variation exceeding \(25^\circ\text{C}\), very low annual precipitation below \(250\text{ mm}\), and strong seasonal monsoons.

• d.

  Mild summer temperatures, sub-zero winter temperatures, and moderate rainfall distributed evenly across all four seasons.

まず自分で答えを書いてから、解説と照らし合わせましょう。

まず自分で答えを書いてから、解説と照らし合わせましょう。

まず自分で答えを書いてから、解説と照らし合わせましょう。