B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids (Molecules)：練習問題

Which components are required to form one triglyceride molecule through condensation reactions?

What is a characteristic difference between cis-unsaturated and trans-unsaturated fatty acids?

An individual has a body mass of \(75\text{ kg}\) and a height of \(1.8\text{ m}\). Calculate their Body Mass Index (BMI) using the formula \(BMI = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{height}^2}\) and identify their weight category.

What is the primary role of triglycerides in animal cells?

Phospholipids are described as amphipathic molecules. Which part of the phospholipid molecule is responsible for its hydrophobic properties?

Identify the characteristic chemical feature that distinguishes an unsaturated fatty acid from a saturated fatty acid.

Compare lipids and carbohydrates as energy storage molecules in terms of the amount of energy released per gram.

Explain how the highly branched structure of glycogen in liver cells relates to its function as a readily available energy source during periods of high metabolic demand.

Carbohydrates are essential organic compounds.
a) Describe the condensation reaction that occurs when two molecules of glucose join together.
b) Identify the specific type of covalent bond formed during this process.
c) State the name of the resulting disaccharide and the small molecule produced as a byproduct.

Triglycerides and phospholipids are both types of lipids found in living organisms.
a) Compare the molecular structure of a triglyceride with that of a phospholipid.
b) Explain how the difference in their structures accounts for their distinct biological roles in energy storage versus membrane formation.