B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization (Cells)：練習問題

Which of the following describes a benefit of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells lack internal compartmentalization. What is a direct consequence of this structural difference regarding gene expression?

The liver is a vital organ with diverse metabolic functions, including detoxification and lipid synthesis. Which of the following organelles would you expect to be particularly abundant and highly developed in hepatocytes (liver cells) to support these functions?

Which of the following organelles is surrounded by a single membrane and is primarily involved in the intracellular digestion of macromolecules using hydrolytic enzymes?

A cell is actively involved in synthesizing and secreting digestive enzymes. Which organelle would be most prominent and extensively developed in this cell?

Explain one way that compartmentalization in eukaryotes increases the efficiency of metabolic processes.

Outline the typical pathway of a newly synthesized polypeptide destined for secretion from the cell, naming each key organelle involved and its specific role in the process.

Describe how the double membrane of a mitochondrion contributes to its function in aerobic respiration, specifically regarding the intermembrane space.

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by extensive compartmentalization, which allows for the efficient execution of various metabolic processes.

a) Explain the advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells for metabolic efficiency and enzyme activity.

b) Describe the distinct roles of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the Golgi apparatus in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins destined for secretion or insertion into membranes.

c) Outline the pathway of a newly synthesized protein that is destined to be secreted from the cell, starting from its synthesis on the ribosome and ending with its release from the plasma membrane.