Structure 1.1—Introduction to the particulate nature of matter：練習問題

According to the kinetic molecular theory, what happens to the particles of a gas when its temperature is decreased at constant volume?

During the process of deposition, which changes occur in the energy and arrangement of the particles of a substance?

An unknown liquid sample is cooled at a constant rate. A student observes that during the transition from the liquid state to the solid state, the temperature continues to decrease, albeit more slowly, rather than remaining constant. Which of the following best explains this observation at the particulate level?

What happens to the kinetic energy of particles when a substance absorbs energy and changes state from solid to liquid at its melting point?

A sample of matter is undergoing a phase change. During this process, the temperature remains constant even though thermal energy is being added to the system. Which of the following best explains what is occurring at the particulate level during this period?

Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a solid substance.

According to the kinetic molecular theory, what is the relationship between the absolute temperature of a substance and the average kinetic energy of its particles?

Using the kinetic molecular theory, explain why the temperature of a pure substance does not increase while it is undergoing the process of boiling, even though heat is being added.

Water exists in three common states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam).

(a) Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in both ice and steam. Compare and contrast the two states.

(b) Explain, in terms of particle energy and intermolecular forces, what happens when ice melts to form liquid water.

A student is provided with a mixture containing sand, sodium chloride, and iodine crystals.

(a) Describe the physical properties of the components that allow them to be separated.
(b) Outline a step-by-step experimental procedure to obtain pure samples of each component from the mixture.
(c) Identify whether the initial mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous, providing a reason for your answer.