Classes, objects and encapsulation：練習問題

Which of the following terms best describes the process of hiding the internal details of a class and only exposing the necessary functionality through public methods?

In Object-Oriented Programming, the concept of encapsulation is often implemented using access modifiers. Which of the following best describes the implication of using the protected modifier for a class member variable?

In the context of the IB Computer Science syllabus, why is the use of interfaces preferred over multiple inheritance of concrete classes in languages like Java?

In Object-Oriented Programming, what is the primary purpose of using a constructor?

In a Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagram, an open diamond shape on a line connecting two classes represents aggregation. What does this indicate about the relationship between the objects?

In a Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagram, what is the significance of a minus sign (-) appearing before an attribute or method name?

In Object-Oriented Programming, explain the purpose of a constructor and specify when it is automatically invoked during the execution of a program.

Discuss the impact of modularity on the maintenance phase of the software life cycle, particularly how it reduces the risk of side effects when a single class is updated.

Explain the concept of encapsulation in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and describe how it is implemented using private access modifiers and public accessor/mutator methods.

In the context of inheritance, explain the mechanism of method overriding. Your response should include:
(a) The relationship required between two classes for overriding to occur.
(b) How the super keyword can be used within an overridden method.
(c) Why overriding is considered a form of polymorphism.