Reproduction and development：練習問題

In human body cells, what is the normal number of chromosomes found in the nucleus?

In pea plants, the allele for tall height (\(T\)) is dominant over the allele for short height (\(t\)). If two heterozygous tall plants (\(Tt\)) are crossed, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of tall to short offspring?

Where does fertilization typically take place in the human female reproductive system?

What is the main biological advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?

State the specific cellular process that halves the chromosome number during the formation of gametes in humans.

In pea plants, the allele for tall stems (\(T\)) is dominant over the allele for short stems (\(t\)). If two heterozygous tall pea plants (\(Tt\)) are crossed, calculate the theoretical percentage of their offspring that will be short.

In pea plants, the allele for tall stem height (\(T\)) is dominant over the allele for short stem height (\(t\)). A homozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a homozygous short pea plant to produce the \(\text{F}_1\) generation.

(a) State the genotype of the parents.
(b) State the phenotype and genotype of the \(\text{F}_1\) generation plants.
(c) If two plants from the \(\text{F}_1\) generation are crossed, determine the expected phenotypic ratio of tall to short plants in the \(\text{F}_2\) generation.