The Rise of modern Europe：練習問題

Which term describes the central intellectual movement of the Renaissance that placed renewed emphasis on classical learning, human potential, and individual achievement rather than divine or supernatural matters?

What was the primary focus of the Catholic Reformation (Counter-Reformation) initiated by the Council of Trent in the 16th century?

In the context of the "Rise of modern Europe," which statement best distinguishes the impact of the French Revolution from that of the Scientific Revolution regarding the "old political system"?

What were the three main ideals of the French Revolution, often summarized as a popular slogan?

What was a major way the Scientific Revolution influenced Europe's approach to understanding the natural world?

How did the Industrial Revolution fundamentally change the method of producing goods in Europe?

Briefly explain the process of urbanization that occurred as a direct result of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries.

How did the combined influence of the Renaissance and the French Revolution lead to the eventual downfall of the feudal system in Europe?

The French Revolution of 1789 was a major turning point that challenged the existing structures of power in Europe.

a) State the three core ideals of the French Revolution that were famously summarized in a three-word slogan.
b) Briefly explain how these ideals challenged the absolute power of the monarch under the old political system.

The transition from the Medieval period to the modern era was marked by a fundamental shift in how Europeans viewed the world.

a) Identify the intellectual movement during the Renaissance that shifted focus from divine matters to human potential and achievement.
b) Explain how this movement influenced the development of the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century.