Corrosive nature of acids：練習問題

In the laboratory, the corrosive nature of an acid is represented by a specific hazard warning symbol. Which of the following descriptions best describes this symbol?

Concentrated sulfuric acid (\(H_2SO_4\)) is known to rapidly char organic materials like wood or sugar, demonstrating its severe corrosive nature. What primary chemical property of concentrated sulfuric acid causes this specific type of damage?

A student conducts two separate tests:
Test 1: Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron nails.
Test 2: Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to marble chips.

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes the gases produced?

Which of the following descriptions best matches the hazard warning symbol used to indicate the corrosive nature of a chemical?

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the corrosive nature of acids on man-made metal structures such as iron bridges?

When a small piece of limestone is dropped into a beaker of dilute nitric acid, bubbling is observed. Explain why this observation demonstrates the corrosive nature of the acid on building materials.

A student is cautioned against using a galvanized iron bucket to store dilute sulfuric acid (\(H_2SO_4\)). Based on the corrosive nature of acids, explain the risk involved and name the gas that would be generated.

Dilute hydrochloric acid (\(HCl\)) is capable of corroding both zinc metal and marble (calcium carbonate, \(CaCO_3\)). Name the specific gas produced when dilute \(HCl\) reacts with zinc, and state the different gas produced when it reacts with marble, highlighting a chemical distinction between these two corrosive processes.

A student is investigating the corrosive nature of acids on different materials found in a kitchen. She places a small piece of magnesium ribbon and a piece of eggshell (mostly calcium carbonate) into two separate test tubes containing dilute hydrochloric acid.

(a) State the gas produced in each test tube. (2 points)
(b) Describe the chemical test used to identify the gas produced from the reaction with the magnesium ribbon. (1 point)
(c) Describe the chemical test used to identify the gas produced from the reaction with the eggshell. (1 point)

A student conducts an experiment to investigate the corrosive nature of acids on different substances. She prepares two test tubes, one containing a piece of iron nail and the other containing a piece of marble. She then adds dilute hydrochloric acid to both test tubes.

(a) Describe what is observed in the test tube with the iron nail and identify the gas produced. (2 points)
(b) Describe what is observed in the test tube with the marble and write the word equation for the reaction. (2 points)
(c) Some historical buildings are made of marble. Explain why scientists are concerned about the effects of acid rain on these buildings. (1 point)