Particle model for the three states of matter：練習問題

In the particle model for the three states of matter, which statement best describes the distance between particles in a gas compared to a solid?

Which of the following best describes the motion of particles in a solid at room temperature?

An object with a mass of \(200\text{ g}\) and a volume of \(250\text{ cm}^3\) is placed in a large tank of water. If the density of water is \(1\text{ g/cm}^3\), will the object float or sink, and why? (Use the particle model context of density).

The diagram below represents the arrangement of particles in different states. In which state of matter are the particles arranged in a regular pattern and held closely together?

According to the particle theory, what happens to the motion and spacing of particles in a metal rod as it is heated from \(20^{\circ}\text{C}\) to \(80^{\circ}\text{C}\)?

How do the forces of attraction between particles differ between a solid and a gas?

Explain why liquids have a definite volume but no fixed shape, based on the particle model.

A balloon filled with air is placed inside a cold freezer. Using the particle model, explain why the volume of the balloon decreases even though no air is removed.

Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a solid, a liquid, and a gas according to the particle model. How does adding heat energy generally affect the motion of particles in any state of matter?

A pure substance is trapped inside a sealed gas syringe. Initially, the substance is a liquid at room temperature.
(a) Describe the arrangement and motion of the particles in the liquid state. (2 points)
(b) The syringe is heated until the substance boils and turns into a gas. Describe how the spacing and average speed of the particles change. (2 points)
(c) If the syringe plunger is pushed in (decreasing the volume) while the temperature is kept constant, use the particle model to explain why the gas pressure increases. (2 points)
(d) How does the density of the substance in the gaseous state compare to its density in the liquid state? Justify your answer using the relationship between mass, volume, and particle spacing. (2 points)