Periodic Table：練習問題

Elements located in the same vertical column (Group) of the Periodic Table share which characteristic?

When comparing elements within the same period (moving left to right, e.g., from Sodium to Chlorine in Period 3), which statement correctly describes the trend in properties?

Element P is located in Period 3, Group 15, and Element Q is located in Period 4, Group 2. Which statement accurately compares the metallic character of P and Q?

What is a horizontal row in the modern Periodic Table called?

Which of the following elements would you expect to have similar chemical properties to Magnesium (Mg)?

In the modern Periodic Table, what specific numerical property of an atom is used to arrange the elements in a systematic sequence?

An element has an atomic number of $$12$$. Based on its atomic structure, in which group of the modern Periodic Table would this element be found, and what is one general chemical property it would share with other elements in that group?

Group 17 elements (Halogens) are very reactive non-metals that tend to gain an electron. Explain the general trend in the chemical reactivity of halogens as you move down the group from Fluorine (F) to Iodine (I), focusing on how atomic structure affects the attraction for external electrons.

The Periodic Table organises elements into groups and periods based on their atomic number and recurring properties.

a) Consider Element X from Group 1 and Element Y from Group 17.

i) Classify Element X and Element Y as either a metal or a non-metal, providing one characteristic physical property for each classification.
ii) Describe the typical chemical reactivity of Element X compared to Element Y.
iii) Briefly explain the underlying reason for the difference in their reactivities, referring to their tendency to form stable electron arrangements.

The elements of Period 3 are Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl), and Argon (Ar).

a) Classify the following four Period 3 elements into their appropriate categories (Metal, Non-metal, or Semi-metal): Aluminium, Chlorine, Sodium, and Silicon. Provide one typical physical property associated with each of these categories.

b) Argon (\(Ar\)) is in Group 18 of the Periodic Table. Why is Argon categorized as a noble gas, and how does its electron configuration relate to its chemical reactivity compared to Chlorine (\(Cl\))?

c) Explain the general trend in atomic radius observed for elements as you move across Period 3 from Sodium (\(Na\)) to Chlorine (\(Cl\)). What is the primary cause of this trend, despite the elements having the same number of electron shells?