Chemical bonds: ionic, covalent and metallic：練習問題

Which type of chemical bond is formed when electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a non-metal atom, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions?

In a molecule of nitrogen, \( N_2 \), how many pairs of electrons are shared between the two nitrogen atoms to form a stable covalent bond?

Silicon dioxide, \( SiO_2 \), is often used to line industrial furnaces. Which statement correctly explains this application based on its bonding?

Metals are often used to make wires and sheets because they are malleable. Why can a metal be hammered into a different shape without the structure breaking apart?

Fullerenes, such as Buckminsterfullerene (\( C_{60} \)), are a form of carbon with unique structures. Which statement about their structure is correct?

a. Describe, in terms of electron transfer, how a sodium atom reacts with a chlorine atom to form the ionic compound sodium chloride, \(NaCl\).

b. Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide, \(MgO\). Magnesium is in Group 2 and Oxygen is in Group 6 of the periodic table. State the charges on the magnesium ion and the oxide ion formed in this reaction.

a. Describe the bonding in a molecule of ammonia, \(NH_{3}\). You should include how the atoms are held together and the type of bond formed.

b. Explain why ammonia has a relatively low boiling point compared to sodium chloride.

c. Describe the structure and bonding in a typical metal, such as copper, and explain why it is able to conduct electricity.