Safety in public transport：練習問題

Which of the following factors would specifically increase the braking distance of a vehicle without having any effect on the thinking distance?

Which of the following conditions would specifically lead to an increase in the braking distance of a car, without directly affecting the driver's thinking distance?

Explain, in terms of momentum, how a seat belt reduces the force exerted on a passenger during a sudden deceleration.

State two factors that affect the braking distance of a car, excluding the initial speed of the vehicle.

A driver is travelling along a straight road at a constant speed when they see a hazard ahead and apply the brakes until the car stops. The motion of the car is shown in the velocity-time graph below.

The stopping distance of a vehicle is a critical factor in road safety.
(a) A car is travelling at \(25\text{ m/s}\). If the driver has a reaction time of \(0.7\text{ s}\), calculate the thinking distance.
(b) The car’s brakes provide a constant decelerating force. Explain how the braking distance changes if the car's initial speed is doubled to \(50\text{ m/s}\), referring to kinetic energy.
(c) List two factors that increase the braking distance and explain the physical reason for one of them.