Memory：練習問題

Which component of the Multi-Store Model of memory has a very limited capacity, typically storing approximately \(7 \pm 2\) items and a duration of around 18-30 seconds?

A person remembers that the capital of France is Paris. This is an example of which type of long-term memory?

In Baddeley and Hitch's dual-processing research, participants were able to perform a reasoning task and a digit span task simultaneously. Based on the Working Memory Model, why was this possible with very few errors?

Which component of the Working Memory Model is responsible for controlling attention and coordinating the activities of the other slave systems?

According to the Multi-store Model of memory, which of the following best describes the coding and duration of the sensory register?

Explain what is meant by the primacy effect in Murdock’s study of serial position.

A student spends an hour learning a list of German verbs and then immediately spends another hour learning a list of very similar Dutch verbs. Using the concept of interference, explain why the student might struggle to recall the German verbs the next day.

Explain how the concept of context-dependent forgetting suggests that forgetting is often a failure of retrieval rather than a loss of information from storage.

The Working Memory Model (WMM) was developed to provide a more detailed explanation of how short-term memory functions through multiple specialized components.

(a) Name the four components of the Working Memory Model. (2 points)

(b) Identify the coding and the capacity of the phonological loop. (2 points)

(c) Identify the coding and the capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad. (2 points)

Bartlett proposed the theory of reconstructive memory, suggesting that memory is an active process influenced by schemas.