Water security：練習問題

On a global scale, which sector is responsible for the highest percentage of freshwater withdrawals?
A. Industrial production
B. Domestic consumption
C. Agricultural irrigation
D. Hydroelectric power generation

How does the geology of a drainage basin directly influence its physical water security?
A. By determining the rate of atmospheric humidity
B. By influencing the permeability of the rock, which dictates the formation of aquifers
C. By controlling the seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation
D. By defining the political boundaries of international water treaties

Which of the following scenarios best characterizes economic water scarcity?
A. A region with less than \(100\text{ mm}\) of rainfall per year and no local rivers
B. A region where groundwater reserves have been exhausted by over-pumping
C. A region with adequate physical water resources but lacking the financial investment or infrastructure to distribute clean water
D. A region where industrial pollution has made the available surface water toxic

Which of the following terms describes domestic wastewater that has been collected from sinks, showers, and washing machines, but does not include sewage from toilets?
A. Black water
B. Grey water
C. Virtual water
D. Potable water

According to the Falkenmark Water Stress Indicator, at what level of annual renewable water per person is a country considered to be experiencing water stress?
A. Below \(2,500\text{ m}^3\)
B. Below \(1,700\text{ m}^3\)
C. Below \(1,000\text{ m}^3\)
D. Below \(500\text{ m}^3\)

What is meant by the term grey water in sustainable water management?

How does geology specifically influence the availability of water supply in a region?

Explain how virtual water trade can alleviate regional water stress.

(a) Identify the three primary sectors that contribute to global water demand.
(b) Define water stress and explain one way in which the geology of a region can affect its natural water supply.

(a) Evaluate the environmental and sustainability implications of large-scale water supply schemes, such as major dams or barrages.
(b) Explain how virtual water trade and grey water recycling can be used as strategies to manage water consumption and improve water security.