Mao’s China, 1949–76：練習問題

• a.

  A network of forced labor camps designed to achieve the 'reform through labor' of political and class enemies.

• b.

  The formal bureaucratic structure used to coordinate the First Five-Year Plan's industrial targets.

• c.

  A specific wing of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) tasked with the reunification campaigns in Tibet and Xinjiang.

• d.

  A series of state-owned agricultural cooperatives intended to replace private peasant landownership.

• a.

  The campaign led to a massive economic boom that made the First Five-Year Plan's targets obsolete.

• b.

  The scale and severity of the criticism directed at the CCP's fundamental right to rule shocked Mao and the party leadership.

• c.

  The intellectuals refused to speak out, proving to Mao that his 'mass line' strategy had failed.

• d.

  The Soviet Union intervened directly to stop the campaign, fearing it would lead to a Hungarian-style uprising.

• a.

  The infrastructure remained intact as the fighting had primarily occurred in the deep countryside.

• b.

  The retreating Nationalists had successfully secured the major power grids to prevent looting.

• c.

  Soviet financial aid had already restored the majority of the rail network to functional status.

• d.

  Industrial production was at a fraction of pre-war levels and transport networks were largely destroyed.

• a.

  They strengthened it by giving the head of the household absolute control over the distribution of communal grain.

• b.

  They reintroduced the practice of foot binding to ensure women remained within the domestic sphere.

• c.

  They encouraged the return of extended family living arrangements to share the burden of the state-mandated taxes.

• d.

  They undermined it by requiring communal dining and nursery care, aimed at freeing women for labor and breaking down ancestral ties.

• a.

  China possessed a modern, integrated industrial base across the coastal regions, though it lacked raw materials.

• b.

  The Soviet Union had already rebuilt the majority of the rail networks in the north-east following the Japanese surrender.

• c.

  Agricultural production was stable due to the effective implementation of GMD land reforms in the southern provinces.

• d.

  Hyperinflation had rendered the national currency worthless, and industrial production was significantly lower than pre-war peaks.

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