The making of modern China, 1860–1997：練習問題

What was the primary focus of the Four Modernisations launched in 1978 under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping?

During the period 1958–62, which economic policy was characterised by the phrase 'walking on two legs' and aimed to rapidly industrialise China through the Second Five-Year Plan?

Which of the following best describes the development of the Sino-Soviet split between 1958 and 1969?

Which international conflict in the early 1950s is credited with enhancing the international prestige of the People's Republic of China and promoting national unity at home?

In the context of China's relationship with the outside world, what was the significance of the Triple Intervention following the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95?

Identify and briefly explain one primary term of the Treaty of Tianjin (1860) that contributed to the opening of China to foreigners.

Describe the impact of Mao Zedong's 'walking on two legs' policy during the Great Leap Forward (1958–61) on China's industrial strategy.

Analyze why the Sino-Soviet split (1958–69) led to a fundamental shift in Mao's perception of international security and internal ideological purity.

Section A: Aspects in Depth: China and the Outside

Assess the reasons for the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations in the years 1958–69. You may use the following in your answer:

• Soviet demands in 1958 and the clash of personalities
• Mao’s fears of Soviet intervention and the 1969 military confrontation