Systems of government：練習問題

• a.

  The country is governed by a group of military leaders, and the position of monarch is purely ceremonial with no legal status.

• b.

  The monarch holds supreme and unlimited power over all government decisions and law-making processes.

• c.

  The monarch is elected by the citizens every five years to lead the executive branch of government.

• d.

  The monarch acts as the head of state, but their powers are defined and limited by a legal framework or constitution.

• a.National policies are decided through direct democracy, where citizens vote on every legislative proposal.
• b.Political power is regulated by a constitutional framework that protects the individual rights and freedoms of all citizens.
• c.The state seeks to exercise total control over both the public and private lives of its citizens through an official ideology and surveillance.
• d.The system is defined by hereditary succession, where the right to rule is passed down through a royal bloodline.

• a.

  The Human Development Index formula grants extra weight to countries with high levels of political stability and low rates of public dissent.

• b.

  International law requires that autocratic states maintain a minimum HDI score of 0.700 to remain members of the United Nations.

• c.

  Totalitarian systems are statistically more likely to distribute Gross National Income (GNI) equally because there is no private sector to accumulate wealth.

• d.

  Totalitarian states often use centralized authority to prioritize health and education targets to boost national productivity, despite a lack of political freedom.

• a.

  A monarch whose powers are limited by a parliament and the rule of law.

• b.

  A group of elected representatives who make decisions based on a written constitution.

• c.

  A single ruler who holds complete legislative and executive authority without constitutional limits.

• d.

  The citizens of the country who vote directly on every new law and policy.

• a.

  The existence of multiple political parties that compete in free and fair elections.

• b.

  The decentralisation of power, allowing local communities to create their own independent laws.

• c.

  The state’s attempt to exercise total control over both the public and private lives of its citizens.

• d.

  The protection of individual human rights through an independent and transparent judiciary.

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まず自分で答えを書いてから、解説と照らし合わせましょう。