Internal transport：練習問題

A student is examining a blood smear under a light microscope. They identify a cell with a large, lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm that is known to engulf pathogens. Which type of cell is this?

During the formation of tissue fluid, what happens to the excess fluid that is not reabsorbed into the blood capillaries at the venous end?

A person with blood group A is accidentally given a transfusion of blood group B. Which statement correctly describes the resulting reaction?

Which component of the blood is specifically involved in the process of phagocytosis to protect the body against infection?

Tissue fluid is formed at the arterial end of a capillary bed. Which factor is primarily responsible for forcing fluid out of the capillary into the surrounding intercellular spaces?

Explain how the presence of valves in veins contributes to the efficient return of blood to the heart.

Explain how the biconcave shape and the absence of a nucleus in a mature erythrocyte are adaptations for its primary function in the blood.

Analyze why the muscular wall of the left ventricle is significantly thicker than that of the right ventricle in the human heart.

The diagram shows a vertical section through the human heart.

a) Identify the chambers labeled A and B in the diagram.
b) Name the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
c) State the function of the septum in the heart.

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are highly specialized for the transport of oxygen.
a) Describe three structural adaptations of a red blood cell that allow it to carry out its function efficiently.
b) Name the iron-containing protein found in red blood cells and describe how it interacts with oxygen in the lungs and in the tissues.