Labour markets：練習問題

The demand for labour is often referred to as a derived demand. This means that the demand for labour is determined by:

Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to an increase in the equilibrium wage rate and an increase in the quantity of labour employed in a specific occupation?

A firm in a competitive market experiences an increase in the productivity of its workforce. Ceteris paribus, what is the most likely impact on the firm's demand for labour?

In a specific labour market, the supply of labour is perfectly inelastic. If the government decides to abolish a national minimum wage that was previously set above the equilibrium wage rate, what will be the most likely impact on the equilibrium wage and the quantity of labour employed?

In a labour market for specialized software developers, there is a significant increase in labour productivity due to new AI-assisted coding tools. Simultaneously, the government reduces income tax rates for all high-income earners.

Ceteris paribus, what is the most likely impact on the equilibrium wage rate and the quantity of labour employed?

In a monopsony labour market, the marginal cost of labour (\(MC_L\)) is always greater than the average cost of labour (\(AC_L\)).

Explain why the profit-maximising level of employment results in a lower wage rate and lower quantity of labour compared to a competitive labour market.

In a local market for skilled electricians, the government decides to significantly increase the national minimum wage. Simultaneously, an occupational immobility issue arises due to new, expensive licensing requirements. Evaluate the likely impact of these two factors on the equilibrium wage rate and the level of excess supply or demand in this labour market.

A large textile manufacturing firm operates in an economy where the market for manual laborers is highly competitive. Recently, the government introduced two major changes: a significant increase in income tax rates for low-wage earners and the implementation of a minimum wage set above the current market equilibrium.

(a) Explain how the increase in income tax rates is likely to affect the supply of labour for the textile firm. (2)
(b) Using the concept of labour market equilibrium, analyze the impact of the new minimum wage on the level of employment and the potential for excess supply of labour. (3)
(c) Discuss one cause of occupational immobility that might prevent workers from leaving the textile industry for better-paying jobs in the technology sector. (2)

The market for specialized software engineers has experienced significant changes. Suppose the demand for the final software products increases, while simultaneously the government introduces stricter professional licensing requirements for engineers.

(a) Explain the concept of derived demand in the context of the labour market for software engineers. (2)
(b) Using a demand and supply diagram for labour, analyze the effect of an increase in product demand and stricter licensing on the equilibrium wage rate and the quantity of labour employed. (4)