Classical conditioning：練習問題

In operant conditioning, which schedule of reinforcement is being applied when a student receives a reward for the first homework assignment handed in after every 7-day period?

In Freud's psychodynamic theory, which of the following best describes the development of the Oedipus complex during the phallic stage?

In operant conditioning, what is the fundamental difference between negative reinforcement and negative punishment?

In classical conditioning, which term refers to the reappearance of a conditioned response after it has been extinguished, following a period of rest?

A researcher conducting a naturalistic observation in a nursery decides to record the behavior of a different child every 2 minutes. Which sampling technique is being used?

Define the term vicarious reinforcement as used within social learning theory.

Identify and describe the two types of observational sampling techniques often used to gather quantitative data in learning research.

In the study by Capaf3ns et al. (1998), explain how systematic desensitisation was used to treat the fear of flying, specifically referring to the role of relaxation training.

A researcher is studying the effect of positive reinforcement on task completion in primary school children. They compare the number of homework assignments completed by two groups: Group A (given gold stars as secondary reinforcers) and Group B (no stars).

Identify the independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV) in this study. Then, explain one reason why gold stars are considered secondary reinforcers according to operant conditioning.

Using Social Learning Theory (SLT), explain how a child might develop a fear of spiders by observing a parent's reaction. In your answer, you must refer to the following four mediational processes:
1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Reproduction
4. Motivation