Psychology 7182 (Current) 試験対策

電卓プログラム

よくあるミス

1. 1high影響する配点: 6Memory

   Providing generic descriptions of Working Memory Model or theory components without linking them directly to the scenario details (e.g. why Rory had to put his phone down or Ken's fear of dogs).

   回避方法: Use the characters' names and specific actions explicitly in every theoretical sentence. Instead of saying 'the visual-spatial sketchpad handles imagery', write 'Rory's visuo-spatial sketchpad was overwhelmed by visual stimuli, forcing him to put down his phone.'
2. 2medium影響する配点: 4Attachment

   Over-evaluating the ethical issues of animal studies (like Lorenz and Harlow) rather than evaluating what those studies contribute to our understanding of human attachment.

   回避方法: Always frame your animal evaluation around theoretical value. If you discuss ethical harm, immediately link it to whether the utility of understanding attachment and preventing maternal deprivation in humans justifies or limits the study's validity.
3. 3high影響する配点: 2Research Methods

   Restating or copying the exact numerical values from data tables instead of interpreting what those findings indicate about the experimental conditions.

   回避方法: Never just write 'Condition A had a mean of 11 and Condition B had 6.' You must interpret: 'The higher mean value of 11 in Condition A indicates that 2-year-olds spent significantly more time playing in the sandpit compared to the 4-year-olds in Condition B.'
4. 4medium影響する配点: 6Psychopathology

   Muddled application of the two-process model of phobias, particularly failing to explicitly outline both classical conditioning (as the source of acquisition) and operant conditioning (as the source of maintenance) directly to the character in the stem.

   回避方法: Clearly divide your answer. First, explain how the character acquired the phobia via association (UCS + NS = CS). Second, explain how the phobia is maintained because avoiding the stimulus reduces anxiety (negative reinforcement).
5. 5medium影響する配点: 3Research Methods

   Failing to explain how to convert data scales (e.g., transforming interval data scores into nominal categories or ordered ranks) when describing Research Methods processes.

   回避方法: Clearly define the conversion rule. For example: 'To convert interval test scores into nominal data, classify any score of 50 or above as a "Pass" category and any score below 50 as a "Fail" category, resulting in frequency tallies.'
6. 6low影響する配点: 4Issues and debates in Psychology

   Under-developing explanations of how to deal with social sensitivity (e.g. focus on ethical committees, framing of questions, media responsibility) and writing about general ethical principles instead.

   回避方法: Focus on research management. Explain how researchers must work with ethical committees to manage potential impacts, frame questions non-judgmentally, and control how findings are distributed to avoid misuse by the media.
7. 7high影響する配点: 3Attachment

   Failing to cover both concepts (such as critical period and internal working model) in equal depth in description questions, leading to a maximum mark cap at Level 2.

   回避方法: Use the rule of halves. If a 6-mark question demands two concepts, devote exactly half your space and detail to the first concept, and the remaining half to the second concept to ensure balanced coverage.