Sports Science and the Active Leisure Industry MA11 試験対策

電卓プログラム

よくあるミス

1. 1high影響する配点: 2Anatomy, joint actions

   Describing a joint action without naming both articulating bones, for example giving the shoulder's movement without stating the scapula and humerus, or the elbow's without the radius and ulna.

   回避方法: State the specific bones at the joint by name before describing the movement, both bones, not just the obvious one.
2. 2medium影響する配点: 2Muscular system

   Confusing agonist and antagonist muscle roles during a multi-joint sporting movement, keeping the same pair fixed rather than tracking which muscle is contracting and which is relaxing at each phase.

   回避方法: Identify the specific phase of the movement first, then name which muscle is the agonist and which is the antagonist for that phase alone.
3. 3high影響する配点: 3Cardiovascular system

   Stating that cardiac output rises during exercise through heart rate alone, without crediting the Frank-Starling mechanism's contribution through increased stroke volume.

   回避方法: State that cardiac output rises through both stroke volume, via the Frank-Starling mechanism, and heart rate, and quote the formula Q = SV x HR with its unit, litres per minute.
4. 4medium影響する配点: 2Skill acquisition, transfer of learning

   Confusing retroactive transfer of learning, new learning affecting an older skill, with proactive transfer, old learning affecting new learning.

   回避方法: Learn the direction each term describes, proactive looks forward from old to new, retroactive looks backward from new to old, and always attach a specific sporting example.
5. 5high影響する配点: 4QWC, balanced essay

   Writing an evaluate or discuss essay, on altitude training or sports technology, as a one-sided list of advantages without the counter-argument.

   回避方法: Plan both sides before writing: altitude training's aerobic benefit alongside detraining and altitude sickness risk, or technology's accuracy gain alongside elitism and rule-change concerns.
6. 6medium影響する配点: 2Effects of exercise, altitude training

   Assuming altitude training produces permanent aerobic gains, without acknowledging rapid de-acclimatisation and reduced training intensity on return to sea level.

   回避方法: State explicitly that altitude adaptations reverse quickly at sea level, and that training intensity itself often drops at altitude, both count against a purely positive evaluation.
7. 7medium影響する配点: 2Muscular system, contraction types

   Giving a generic explanation of muscle contraction type without specifying whether the muscle shortens, lengthens, or holds a static length under load.

   回避方法: Name the contraction type precisely, concentric shortens, eccentric lengthens, isometric holds a static length, and match it to the specific movement phase in the question.
8. 8medium影響する配点: 2Respiratory system, gaseous exchange

   Explaining gaseous exchange without referencing partial pressure gradients or the direction of diffusion across the alveolar and capillary membranes.

   回避方法: State the pressure gradient explicitly, oxygen diffuses from high partial pressure in the alveoli to low partial pressure in the capillary blood, and name the membrane it crosses.