Master Edexcel IGCSE Human Biology (4HB1) by refining your command word precision, perfecting your biological drawings, showing explicit workings in mathematical questions, and avoiding classic spelling and conceptual traps like 'ureter' vs 'urethra' and vaccine contents.
読了時間 4 分更新日: 2026年6月21日
試験の概要
試験数
2
満点
180
制限時間
3時間 30分
出題形式
4
試験
時間
配点
問題数
配点比率
出題形式
Paper 1R (Regional)
1時間 45分
90
26
50%
Sentence Completion / Gap Fill, Calculation, Diagram Drawing / Labeling, Short Answer / Identification, Extended Answer / Explanation
Paper 2R (Regional)
1時間 45分
90
27
50%
Multiple Choice, Sentence Completion / Gap Fill, Calculation, Diagram Drawing / Labeling, Short Answer / Identification, Extended Answer / Explanation
評価段階
987654321U
電卓の規定
A scientific or graphical calculator is permitted. Graphical calculators must be in exam mode with all stored programs and data cleared before the exam; the calculator must not be able to retrieve stored text or formulae.
AO1: AO1: Knowledge and understanding of human biology (40%)
AO2: AO2: Application of knowledge and understanding, analysis and evaluation (38%)
AO3: AO3: Experimental skills, analysis and evaluation of data and methods (22%)
過去問と採点基準にもとづいて作成（2023–2025）。
電卓プログラム
Table mode for roots & turning points
Scientific calculator (e.g. Casio fx-991 series)
目的: Tabulate \(y\) across a range of \(x\) to locate sign changes (roots) and approximate maxima/minima.
使う場面: Solving or sketching a function when you want to find where its graph crosses or turns.
手順
Enter the function in TABLE mode, set the start, end and step, then read where the sign of \(y\) changes or where it peaks.
試験での注意: Allowed, but clear stored programs/data (graphical calculators in exam mode) and show the required working — unsupported calculator answers score no method marks.
Statistics mode (mean, SD & regression)
Scientific calculator (e.g. Casio fx-991 series)
目的: Read the mean \(\bar{x}\) and standard deviation directly, and the gradient/intercept (and \(r\)) of a linear regression for bivariate data.
使う場面: Any data-handling, statistics, or required-practical analysis question.
手順
Enter the data in STAT mode (1-VAR or A+BX), then recall \(\bar{x}\), \(\sigma\) or the regression coefficients.
試験での注意: Allowed, but clear stored programs/data (graphical calculators in exam mode) and show the required working — unsupported calculator answers score no method marks.
Carry exact values with Ans & memory
Scientific calculator (e.g. Casio fx-991 series)
目的: Keep full-precision intermediate values to avoid rounding errors.
使う場面: Multi-step calculations where premature rounding loses the final accuracy mark.
手順
Use Ans, STO/RCL or the M+ memory to reuse the unrounded result of each step; round only the final answer.
試験での注意: Allowed, but clear stored programs/data (graphical calculators in exam mode) and show the required working — unsupported calculator answers score no method marks.
Equation solver — to CHECK your working
Scientific calculator (e.g. Casio fx-991 series)
目的: Use the built-in EQN/SOLVE mode to verify roots of quadratics or simultaneous equations you have already solved by algebra.
使う場面: As a check only, after solving by hand.
手順
Enter the coefficients in EQN mode (or use SOLVE) and confirm they match your worked solution.
試験での注意: Allowed, but clear stored programs/data (graphical calculators in exam mode) and show the required working — unsupported calculator answers score no method marks.
よくあるミス
1high影響する配点: 2Homeostatic mechanisms
Confusing the 'ureter' with the 'urethra' in anatomical descriptions of the urinary system.
回避方法: Use a simple spelling rule: the ureteR runs from the kidney to the Bladder (R comes before B in 'Ureter' to 'Bladder' pipeline), while the urethRa carries urine Out of the body (R is closer to Out/Release).
2high影響する配点: 2Internal transport
Forgetting to convert units from dm3 to cm3 (or vice-versa) during cardiac output calculations.
回避方法: Always check the units specified in the question prompt and the answer line. Remember that 1 dm3 = 1000 cm3. Write down your conversion factor before starting any math.
3medium影響する配点: 2Disease
Stating that vaccines contain antibodies instead of antigens.
回避方法: Always state that vaccines contain dead, weakened, or inactive pathogens which possess specific antigens. These antigens stimulate the host's lymphocytes to produce their own complementary antibodies.
4medium影響する配点: 1Cells and tissues
Drawing lines or curves of best fit freehand or using sketchy, double-drawn lines on graphs.
回避方法: Always use a sharp pencil and a ruler for straight lines of best fit, or a single, smooth, continuous curved line if the trend is non-linear. Never connect points dot-to-dot unless explicitly directed.
5high影響する配点: 2Coordination
Failing to specify that ciliary muscles relax (and not suspensory ligaments contracting) during accommodation for distant vision.
回避方法: Remember that suspensory ligaments are non-muscular and cannot contract actively. The ciliary muscles relax, which pulls the suspensory ligaments tight/taut, stretching the lens thin.
6medium影響する配点: 2Internal transport
Using everyday colloquial terms like 'scab' when describing blood clotting processes.
回避方法: Use accurate scientific terms: explain that platelets release chemical factors leading to the formation of a fibrin mesh/plug that traps red blood cells to block pathogen entry.
7high影響する配点: 3Reproduction and heredity
Leaving genetics genotype representations without the sex chromosomes (X and Y) when detailing sex-linked diseases like colour blindness.
回避方法: Always write sex-linked alleles as superscripts on the sex chromosomes: e.g., use X^B and X^b for genotypes instead of just B and b.
8medium影響する配点: 1Bones, muscles and joints
Confusing tendons and ligaments in skeletal labelling.
回避方法: Remember the mnemonic: Tendons Tie muscle to bone (T-T); Ligaments Link bone to bone (L-L).
9medium影響する配点: 2Reproduction and heredity
Failing to divide or multiply values by 60 when converting calculation tasks involving time between seconds and minutes.
回避方法: Underline the time units requested on the final answer line (e.g. per minute vs per second) and ensure you convert your calculated intermediate figures accordingly.