Twenty First Century Science - Physics B - J259 試験対策
Master the OCR GCSE (9-1) Twenty First Century Physics B (J259) exam with this evidence-based study package. Discover critical exam-day time-management tactics, common mathematical pitfalls like unit conversion errors, and core subject-specific strategies to secure top marks on Paper 3 (Breadth) and Paper 4 (Depth).
A scientific or graphical calculator that meets JCQ regulations may be used (some GCSE Mathematics and Science papers are non-calculator). Graphical calculators must be set to exam mode; you must clear any stored programs, notes or data before the exam, and the calculator must not be able to retrieve stored text or formulae.
AO1: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas and scientific techniques and procedures. (40%)
AO2: Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas and scientific enquiry, techniques and procedures. (40%)
AO3: Analyse information and ideas to interpret and evaluate, make judgements and draw conclusions and develop and improve experimental procedures. (20%)
過去問と採点基準にもとづいて作成（2022–2024）。
電卓プログラム
Table mode for roots & turning points
Scientific calculator (e.g. Casio fx-991 series)
目的: Tabulate \(y\) across a range of \(x\) to locate sign changes (roots) and approximate maxima/minima.
使う場面: Solving or sketching a function when you want to find where its graph crosses or turns.
手順
Enter the function in TABLE mode, set the start, end and step, then read where the sign of \(y\) changes or where it peaks.
試験での注意: Allowed under JCQ rules, but you must still show your method — an unsupported calculator answer earns no method marks. Clear all stored programs, notes and data (graphical calculators in exam mode) before the exam.
Statistics mode (mean, SD & regression)
Scientific calculator (e.g. Casio fx-991 series)
目的: Read the mean \(\bar{x}\) and standard deviation directly, and the gradient/intercept (and \(r\)) of a linear regression for bivariate data.
使う場面: Any data-handling, statistics, or required-practical analysis question.
手順
Enter the data in STAT mode (1-VAR or A+BX), then recall \(\bar{x}\), \(\sigma\) or the regression coefficients.
試験での注意: Allowed under JCQ rules, but you must still show your method — an unsupported calculator answer earns no method marks. Clear all stored programs, notes and data (graphical calculators in exam mode) before the exam.
Carry exact values with Ans & memory
Scientific calculator (e.g. Casio fx-991 series)
目的: Keep full-precision intermediate values to avoid rounding errors.
使う場面: Multi-step calculations where premature rounding loses the final accuracy mark.
手順
Use Ans, STO/RCL or the M+ memory to reuse the unrounded result of each step; round only the final answer.
試験での注意: Allowed under JCQ rules, but you must still show your method — an unsupported calculator answer earns no method marks. Clear all stored programs, notes and data (graphical calculators in exam mode) before the exam.
Equation solver — to CHECK your working
Scientific calculator (e.g. Casio fx-991 series)
目的: Use the built-in EQN/SOLVE mode to verify roots of quadratics or simultaneous equations you have already solved by algebra.
使う場面: As a check only, after solving by hand.
手順
Enter the coefficients in EQN mode (or use SOLVE) and confirm they match your worked solution.
試験での注意: Allowed under JCQ rules, but you must still show your method — an unsupported calculator answer earns no method marks. Clear all stored programs, notes and data (graphical calculators in exam mode) before the exam.
よくあるミス
1high影響する配点: 3How does the particle model explain the effects of heating? (Matter – models and explanations)
Failing to convert units such as mass in grams to kilograms in internal energy calculations, or energy in kJ to J.
回避方法: Identify and write out conversions at the very start of your working. For example, always divide mass in grams by 1000 to convert to kg before substituting into E = mcΔθ.
2high影響する配点: 2What are the risks and benefits of using radiations? (Radiation and waves)
Confusing irradiation with contamination, stating that patients undergoing external radiotherapy become contaminated or emit radiation.
回避方法: Remember that irradiation is only exposure to radiation without physical contact. The patient does not absorb the radioactive isotope and does not become radioactive themselves.
3medium影響する配点: 2What determines the current in an electric circuit? (Electric circuits)
Forcing non-linear lines of best fit (such as diode I-V characteristics) to go through the origin (0,0) when current is zero.
回避方法: Plot points accurately and follow the natural path. For a diode, draw a flat line of zero current along the voltage axis until the threshold voltage is reached, then curve it upwards.
4high影響する配点: 2How can we describe motion in terms of energy transfers? (Explaining motion)
Forgetting to square the speed variable (v^2) when substituting values into the kinetic energy formula.
回避方法: Write down the formula KE = 0.5 * m * v^2 first. Before using your calculator, highlight the squared symbol to ensure you input v as v*v.
5medium影響する配点: 2What are magnetic fields? (Electric circuits)
Drawing magnetic field lines around a straight current-carrying wire with uneven spacing or missing directional arrows.
回避方法: Use the right-hand grip rule to determine direction (anti-clockwise when current flows up). Draw concentric circles with increasing gaps to show the field gets weaker further from the wire.
6high影響する配点: 2What determines the rate of energy transfer in a circuit? (Electric circuits)
Failing to convert time from minutes to seconds when calculating electrical charge (Q = It).
回避方法: Always check the unit of time. If given in minutes, multiply by 60 before multiplying by the current to find the charge in Coulombs (C).
7medium影響する配点: 1What is the process inside an electric generator? (Electric circuits)
Leaving final calculation answers unrounded or with too many decimal places when a specific significant figure count is requested.
回避方法: Underline the significant figure instructions in the question. Write your full unrounded calculator value first, then write your rounded final answer clearly labeled on the answer line.