Inorganic ions: แบบฝึกหัด

• a.

  Facilitating the co-transport of glucose into the ileum

• b.

  Forming the structural backbone of DNA and RNA

• c.

  Determining the pH of solutions and affecting enzyme controlled reactions

• d.

  Acting as a component of the haem group in haemoglobin

• a.\(Fe^{2+}\) ions are a component of haemoglobin and are responsible for binding oxygen.
• b.\(Na^+\) ions are required for the condensation of amino acids during translation.
• c.\(H^+\) ions are a structural component of the murein cell wall in prokaryotic cells.
• d.\(PO_4^{3-}\) ions are used to regulate the pH of the blood by acting as a buffer.

• a.

  The active transport of \(Na^+\) out of the cell creates a concentration gradient that allows \(Na^+\) to diffuse in, carrying glucose against its gradient.

• b.

  Sodium ions neutralise the negative charge of glucose molecules, allowing them to pass through the phospholipid bilayer.

• c.

  Sodium ions act as a non-competitive inhibitor for enzymes that would otherwise break down glucose in the lumen.

• d.

  The presence of sodium ions in the lumen lowers the water potential, causing glucose to move into the cell via osmosis.

• a.Sodium ions (\(Na^{+}\))
• b.Hydrogen ions (\(H^{+}\))
• c.Phosphate ions (\(PO_4^{3-}\))
• d.Iron ions (\(Fe^{2+}\))

• a.

  They are a component of nucleotides and form phosphodiester bonds in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA.

• b.

  They are found in the R-groups of all amino acids and form disulfide bridges in tertiary proteins.

• c.

  They are attached to the glycerol head of triglycerides to form ester bonds in the plasma membrane.

• d.

  They are found in the center of the haem group in haemoglobin to form coordinate bonds with oxygen.

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