States of matter: แบบฝึกหัด

What happens to the separation and motion of particles when a substance condenses?

Which row correctly identifies the changes in the separation and average speed of particles when a substance undergoes freezing?

During the process of melting, a solid is heated but its temperature remains constant until all the solid has turned into a liquid. Why does the temperature not increase during this time?

According to the kinetic particle theory, what happens to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance as its temperature increases?

Which diagram represents the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

Diagram W: Particles widely spaced and moving randomly.
Diagram X: Particles close together in a regular lattice.
Diagram Y: Particles close together and touching but randomly arranged.
Diagram Z: Particles vibrating about fixed points in a pattern.

Compare the compressibility of a liquid and a gas based on the kinetic particle model.

Using the kinetic particle theory, describe the changes in particle arrangement and motion when a substance melts.

Explain, in terms of the kinetic particle theory, how increasing the temperature of a gas in a rigid, fixed-volume container leads to an increase in pressure.

The states of matter have distinct physical properties based on their particle structure.

(a) Identify which state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) cannot easily be compressed and has a definite shape.

(b) Describe the motion of particles in:

(i) a solid
(ii) a liquid

(c) State the term used to describe the change of state from a liquid to a gas at the boiling point.

The kinetic particle model describes how the arrangement and motion of particles change when a substance changes state.

(a) Compare the separation and arrangement of particles in a solid with those in a liquid.
(b) Using the kinetic particle theory, explain why the pressure of a fixed mass of gas increases when its temperature is increased at a constant volume.
(c) Name the process that occurs when a gas changes directly into a liquid.