Organise information：练习题

A library uses a specific coding system to organise its collection. Each book's code consists of three parts:
1. A letter representing the Genre (F for Fiction, N for Non-Fiction).
2. A two-digit number representing the Floor (01 to 12).
3. A single letter representing the Status (L for Lending, R for Reference).

A researcher is looking for Non-Fiction books that are available for Lending and are located on any floor above the 8th floor. Which of the following codes meets all the researcher's criteria?

To qualify for a prestigious science scholarship, a student must meet all three of the following criteria:
- Be at least \( 18\text{ years} \) old.
- Have a final exam score of at least \( 92\% \).
- Have completed a minimum of \( 40\text{ hours} \) of community service.

James is \( 19\text{ years} \) old and has completed \( 45\text{ hours} \) of community service. He does not yet know his final exam score. Which of the following pieces of information would be sufficient to conclude that James has not qualified for the scholarship?

In a private parking garage, there are only bicycles (with \( 2 \) wheels), cars (with \( 4 \) wheels), and heavy-duty trucks (with \( 6 \) wheels). A security report provides the following processed data:
- There are \( 20 \) vehicles in total.
- There are exactly twice as many cars as there are bicycles.
- The total number of wheels in the garage is \( 88 \).

How many trucks are currently in the parking garage?

A logistics company uses a four-character code to track packages. The rules for the code are:
1. The first character must be a letter (A, B, or C).
2. The second character must be a digit (1, 2, or 3).
3. The third character must be a symbol (@ or #).
4. The fourth character must be a letter that is different from the first character.

Which of the following is a valid tracking code according to these rules?

A set of \( 5 \) distinct positive integers has a mean of \( 12 \) and a median of \( 14 \). If the smallest integer in the set is \( 5 \), what is the maximum possible value for the largest integer in the set?

A set of data for five students shows their average test score was 80. If four of the students scored 75, 85, 90, and 70, what was the score of the fifth student?<\/p>

In a qualifying tournament, a player must win at least 4 out of 6 matches to advance. A player has completed 3 matches and has won 1. Identify the necessary and sufficient condition regarding the remaining matches for this player to advance.

To receive a "Premier" status, a hotel must have an average rating of at least 4.5 stars and fulfill at least one of the following: have an on-site spa or have been in operation for over 20 years. Hotel Alpha has a 4.7-star rating and has been open for 15 years. What specific piece of information about Hotel Alpha's facilities is sufficient to determine if it achieves Premier status?

An examination consists of three papers: P1, P2, and P3. To pass the examination, a candidate must meet either Criterion A or Criterion B:
- Criterion A: Score at least \(50\%\) in every paper.
- Criterion B: Achieve an average score of at least \(65\%\) across all three papers, with no single paper score falling below \(40\%\).

The maximum marks are: P1 = 40, P2 = 60, P3 = 100.

Candidate X scored 22 on P1, 28 on P2, and 75 on P3.
Candidate Y scored 20 on P1, 35 on P2, and 50 on P3.

Determine which candidates passed the examination and specify which criterion they met.