波斯帝國的挑戰，公元前492-479年：练习题

In 461 BC, which city-state's defection from the Peloponnesian League to an alliance with Athens served as a major catalyst for the outbreak of the First Peloponnesian War?

Following the Greek victory in the Persian Wars, how does the syllabus characterize the shift in the leadership of the Hellenic League during the campaign of 478 BC?

The Thirty Years' Peace (446 BC) established a specific balance of power. Which of the following best describes the role of neutral states according to the terms of this agreement as studied in the curriculum?

In the lead-up to the Persian invasion of 480 BC, what was the primary purpose for the formation of the Hellenic League?

In the final years of the Peloponnesian War, Persia's aims and impact on the conflict became decisive. According to the syllabus, how did Persian intervention specifically affect the Spartan war effort after 412 BC?

According to the specification for the period 479–446 BC, what was the specific significance of the Battle of Tanagra for interstate relations?

In the aftermath of the Battle of Mantinea (418 BC), how did the formation of the alliance between Athens, Argos, Mantinea, and Elis represent a shift in the breakdown of traditional Greek relations?

In the lead-up to the Persian invasion of 480 BC, what were the primary differences in responses to the Persians among the various Greek states according to the syllabus?

Explain the significance of the following events in the breakdown of relations between Athens and Sparta between 465 BC and 446 BC:

a) The Spartan response to the helot revolt following the earthquake in 465–464 BC.
b) The defection of Megara from the Peloponnesian League and its impact on Corinthian-Athenian relations.
c) The Battle of Tanagra (457 BC) and its consequences for Spartan military presence in Central Greece.

The Peace of Nicias (421 BC) is often characterized as a failure that only temporarily halted the Peloponnesian War. Evaluate this statement by addressing the following:

a) Analyze why specific Spartan allies, such as Corinth, Boeotia, and Megara, refused to support the terms of the treaty.
b) Explain the strategic shift that led to the formation of the quadruple alliance between Athens, Argos, Mantinea, and Elis in 420 BC.
c) Discuss how the Battle of Mantinea (418 BC) served to restore Spartan prestige and undermine the diplomatic efforts of the Peace of Nicias.