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Chemistry (9813)

9个单元

Basic Principles of Spectroscopy

Molecular orbital theory
Electromagnetic spectrum
Quantisation of energy
Energy level transitions

Ultraviolet/visible Spectroscopy

Electronic transitions
Chromophores
Molar absorptivity and the Beer–Lambert law

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy

Molecular vibrations: stretching and bending
Characteristic IR absorptions

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

Nuclear spin and energy absorption
Chemical shift: δ scale, internal reference, electronegativity effects, anisotropic effects, hydrogen bonding
Calculation of peak area and proton counting
Spin-spin splitting

Mass Spectrometry

Ionisation, fragmentation and mass/charge ratio
Interpretation of spectra: molecular ion peak, isotopic abundance, fragment ions

Molecular Stereochemistry

Stereochemical projection
Isomerism: conformational, cis-trans, enantiomerism, diastereomerism

Basic Physical Organic Chemistry

The Hammond postulate: relationship between the transition state and the nearest stable species

Nucleophilic Substitution

Mechanism: nature of nucleophiles and leaving group, SN1, SN2
Kinetics of mechanisms: energy profile, rate law, simple rate equations, orders of reaction, rate constants, stereochemistry, substituent effects
Competition between SN1 and SN2

Elimination

Mechanism: syn- and anti-elimination, stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, E1, E2
Kinetics of mechanisms: energy profile, rate law, regioselectivity
E2/SN2 competition: substrate effects, base effects

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