Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases：练习题

What is a major consequence of the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in treating infectious diseases?

Why are antibiotics effective against bacteria but ineffective against viruses?

A patient was prescribed a full course of antibiotics to treat a bacterial infection but stopped taking them halfway through the course because they felt better. Why is this practice medically dangerous?

Which of the following is a symptom specifically associated with influenza but not typically used to define pneumococcal disease in the syllabus?

How does the administration of a vaccine provide protection against future infections by the same pathogen?

Describe one method to reduce the transmission of the influenza virus between individuals.

State the primary mechanism by which antibiotics target bacteria and explain why they are ineffective against viruses.

Explain how a vaccine helps the human body prevent infectious diseases upon future exposure to a pathogen.

Vaccination is a primary method for preventing infectious diseases.
(a) State what a vaccine contains.
(b) Describe how the white blood cells respond when a person is vaccinated to provide future immunity.

Antibiotics are powerful tools in modern medicine but have limitations.
(a) Explain why antibiotics are effective against Pneumococcus bacteria but ineffective against the influenza virus.
(b) Discuss how the overuse of antibiotics can lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.